Skip to content. | Skip to navigation

 
Central Intelligence Agency
The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence
World Factbook Title
navigation arrows
View Text Low Bandwidth Version Download Publication
Africa :: Tanzania
page last updated on January 29, 2013
Flag of Tanzania
(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
Location of Tanzania
Click flag or map to enlarge Opens in New Window
 
Map of Tanzania
Click map to enlarge Opens in New Window
Photos of Tanzania
 
Navigation Arrow view 21 photos Opens in New Window
of Tanzania
Expand All | collapse All
Introduction ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Shortly after achieving independence from Britain in the early 1960s, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule ended in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. The formation of a government of national unity between Zanzibar's two leading parties succeeded in minimizing electoral tension in 2010.
Back to Top
Geography ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6 00 S, 35 00 E
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 947,300 sq km
country comparison to the world: 31
land: 885,800 sq km
water: 61,500 sq km
note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
slightly larger than twice the size of California
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 3,861 km
border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,424 km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 4.23%
permanent crops: 1.16%
other: 94.61% (2005)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,840 sq km (2003)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
91 cu km (2001)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)
per capita: 135 cu m/yr (2000)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only two mountains on the continent that has glaciers (the other is Mount Kenya); bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest
Back to Top
People and Society ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Tanzanian(s)
adjective: Tanzanian
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
46,912,768 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 45% (male 10,646,436/ female 10,461,674)
15-64 years: 52.1% (male 12,110,684/ female 12,329,951)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 590,927/ female 773,096) (2012 est.)
population pyramid:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 18.7 years
male: 18.5 years
female: 19 years (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.85% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
37.7 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 26% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 4.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
DAR ES SALAAM (capital) 3.207 million (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 23
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 46.5 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 48
male: 48.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 53.14 years
country comparison to the world: 206
male: 51.62 years
female: 54.7 years (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.08 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.1% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 138
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.008 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.1 beds/1,000 population (2006)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 32% of population
rural: 21% of population
total: 24% of population
unimproved:
urban: 68% of population
rural: 79% of population
total: 76% of population
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5.6% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.4 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
86,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16.7% (2005)
country comparison to the world: 45
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.8% of GDP (2008)
country comparison to the world: 17
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic
total population: 69.4%
male: 77.5%
female: 62.2% (2002 census)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 9 years
male: 9 years
female: 9 years (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 8.8%
country comparison to the world: 111
male: 7.4%
female: 10.1% (2005)
Back to Top
Government ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania
conventional short form: Tanzania
local long form: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
local short form: Tanzania
former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
republic
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: Dar es Salaam
geographic coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital, and the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis; the Executive Branch with all ministries and diplomatic representation remains located in Dar es Salaam
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
30 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent on 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age; universal
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010)
note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN elected to that office on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (357 seats; 239 members elected by popular vote, 102 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms, up to 10 additional members appointed by the president, 1 seat reserved for the Attorney General); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives with jurisdiction exclusive to Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi [Hashim RUNGWE]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF; Free Zanzibar; Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Mwandaidi Sinare MAAJAR
chancery: 1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125
FAX: [1] (202) 797-7408
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Alfonso E. LENHARDT
embassy: 686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam
mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam
telephone: [255] (22) 266-8001
FAX: [255] (22) 266-8238, 266-8373
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Uhuru (Freedom) torch
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: "Mungu ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa)
lyrics/music: collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA
note: adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem
Back to Top
Economy ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, however, it has achieved high growth based on gold production and tourism. The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. In 2008, Tanzania received the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-12 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$73.5 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
$69.01 billion (2011 est.)
$64.83 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$27.98 billion (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.5% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
6.4% (2011 est.)
7% (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1,700 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201
$1,600 (2011 est.)
$1,600 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 27.1%
industry: 24.1%
services: 48.7% (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
24.77 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 80%
industry and services: 20% (2002 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
36% (2002 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 29.6% (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
37.6 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 75
34.6 (2000)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
26.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $6.075 billion
expenditures: $7.67 billion (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
21.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-5.7% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
34.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
37.6% of GDP (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213
12.7% (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
3.7% (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
21.3% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
14.96% (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$4.964 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
$4.327 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$8.285 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
$7.568 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$6.803 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
$5.665 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.539 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 104
$1.264 billion (31 December 2010)
$1.293 billion (31 December 2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-$3.946 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
-$3.872 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$5.031 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
$4.843 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
China 14.3%, Japan 7.8%, India 7.8%, Germany 6.7%, UAE 4.5% (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$9.724 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
$9.635 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
India 18.8%, China 17.4%, South Africa 6%, Kenya 5.9%, UAE 4.7% (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$3.787 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
$3.726 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
note: excludes gold
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$11.18 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$10.33 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -
1,586.9 (2012 est.)
1,572.1 (2011 est.)
1,409.3 (2010 est.)
1,320.3 (2009)
1,178.1 (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1 July - 30 June
Back to Top
Energy ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.489 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.589 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
957,000 kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
39.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 192
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
60.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 31
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 202
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
43,310 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
32,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
780 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
780 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7.566 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Back to Top
Communications ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
161,100 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 132
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
25.666 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 39
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction
domestic: fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and, in 2011 exceeded a subscriber base of 50 telephones per 100 persons; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital
international: country code - 255; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
a state-owned TV station and multiple privately-owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.tz
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
26,074 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 110
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
678,000 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 111
Back to Top
Transportation ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
106 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 52
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 95
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 58
under 914 m: 18 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
gas 254 km; oil 888 km; refined products 8 km (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 3,689 km
country comparison to the world: 45
narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 91,049 km
country comparison to the world: 51
paved: 6,578 km
unpaved: 84,471 km (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
(Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) are the principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; the rivers are not navigable) (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 94
country comparison to the world: 52
by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 66, carrier 4, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3
foreign-owned: 42 (Japan 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 23, Turkey 13, UAE 3)
registered in other countries: 3 (Panama 2, UK 1) (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen
Back to Top
Military ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Tanzania People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 9,985,445 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 5,860,339
females age 16-49: 5,882,279 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 512,294
female: 514,164 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.2% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Tanzania
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Tanzania still hosts more than a half million refugees, more than any other African country, mainly from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite the international community's efforts at repatriation; disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
refugees (country of origin): 67,549 (Burundi); 61,913 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa; Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling; traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia
Back to Top
Expand All | collapse All
  The online Factbook is updated weekly. ISSN 1553-8133
For additional information on government leaders in selected foreign countries, go to World Leaders.