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Central Intelligence Agency
The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence
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| page last updated on January 29, 2013 |
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(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
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Click flag or map to enlarge 
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Click map to enlarge
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| Introduction ::Kyrgyzstan |
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A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Over the next few years, the new president manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for himself. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, nationwide protests led to the resignation and expulsion of BAKIEV. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, and terrorism.
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Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan
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41 00 N, 75 00 E
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total: 199,951 sq km
country comparison to the world: 87
land:
191,801 sq km
water:
8,150 sq km
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slightly smaller than South Dakota
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total: 3,051 km
border countries:
China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,224 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
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0 km (landlocked)
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none (landlocked)
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dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
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peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
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lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
highest point:
Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
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abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
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arable land: 6.55%
permanent crops:
0.28%
other:
93.17%
note:
Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural-growth walnut forest (2005)
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10,196 sq km (2003)
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46.5 cu km (1997)
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total: 10.08 cu km/yr (3%/3%/94%)
per capita:
1,916 cu m/yr (2000)
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NA
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water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
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party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes
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| People and Society ::Kyrgyzstan |
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noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
adjective:
Kyrgyzstani
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Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uighur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)
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Kyrgyz (official) 64.7%, Uzbek 13.6%, Russian (official) 12.5%, Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)
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Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%
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5,496,737 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
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0-14 years: 29.6% (male 830,939/ female 795,028)
15-64 years:
65.5% (male 1,761,524/ female 1,840,319)
65 years and over:
4.9% (male 103,679/ female 165,248) (2012 est.)
population pyramid: 
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total: 25.2 years
male:
24.3 years
female:
26.2 years (2012 est.)
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0.89% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
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23.9 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
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6.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
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-8.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
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urban population: 35% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization:
1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
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BISHKEK (capital) 854,000 (2009)
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at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.63 male(s)/female
total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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71 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 86
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total: 30.8 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 68
male:
35.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
26.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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total population: 69.45 years
country comparison to the world: 151
male:
65.27 years
female:
73.91 years (2012 est.)
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2.73 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
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4.1% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 159
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2.301 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
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5.06 beds/1,000 population (2007)
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improved:
urban: 94% of population
rural: 93% of population
total: 93% of population
unimproved:
urban: 6% of population
rural: 7% of population
total: 7% of population
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0.3% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
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9,800 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
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fewer than 500 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
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2.7% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 105
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5.9% of GDP (2008)
country comparison to the world: 31
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
98.7%
male:
99.3%
female:
98.1% (1999 census)
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total: 12 years
male:
12 years
female:
13 years (2009)
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total: 14.6%
country comparison to the world: 79
male:
13.6%
female:
16.2% (2006)
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conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic
conventional short form:
Kyrgyzstan
local long form:
Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form:
Kyrgyzstan
former:
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
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republic
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name: Bishkek
geographic coordinates:
42 52 N, 74 36 E
time difference:
UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)
note:
administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
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31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
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Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
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27 June 2010
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civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws
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has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
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18 years of age; universal
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chief of state: President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jantoro SATYBALDIEV (since 5 September 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister - Joomart OTORBAEV (since 5 September 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers - Tayyrbek SARPASHEV and Kamila TALIEVA (since 5 September 2012)
cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; ministers in charge of defense and security are appointed solely by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held on 30 October 2011 (next scheduled for 2017); prime minister nominated by the parliamentary party holding more than 50% of the seats; if no such party exists, the president selects the party that will form a coalition majority and government
election results:
Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president; percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV 14.3%, other 7.8%; Jantoro SATYBALDIEV elected prime minister; parliamentary vote - 111-2
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unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections:
last held on 10 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:
Supreme Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ata-Jurt 28, SDPK 26, Ar-Namys 25, Respublika 23, Ata-Meken 18
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Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (judges of both the Supreme and Constitutional Courts are appointed for 10-year terms by the Jogorku Kengesh on the recommendation of the president; their mandatory retirement age is 70 years); Higher Court of Arbitration; Local Courts (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council on Legal Affairs for a probationary period of five years, then 10 years)
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Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]; Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV]; Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV]; Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV]; Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]
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Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]; Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA]; Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]; Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA]; Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV]; Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]; Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV]
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ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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chief of mission: Ambassador Mukhtar JUMALIEV
chancery:
2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 449-9822
FAX:
[1] (202) 386-7550
consulate(s):
New York
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chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela SPRATLEN
embassy:
171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
mailing address:
use embassy street address
telephone:
[996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217
FAX:
[996] (312) 551-264
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red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth
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gyrfalcon
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name: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)
lyrics/music:
Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV
note:
adopted 1992
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Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a dominant agricultural sector. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and electricity. The economy depends heavily on gold exports - mainly from output at the Kumtor gold mine - and on remittances from Kyrgyzstani migrant workers priimarily in Russia. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan was progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995, production began to recover and exports began to increase. In 2005, the BAKIEV government and international financial institutions initiated a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. The government made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit, nearly closing the gap between revenues and expenditures in 2006, before boosting expenditures more than 20% in 2007-08. GDP grew about 8% annually in 2007-08, partly due to higher gold prices internationally, but slowed to 2.9% in 2009. The overthrow of President BAKIEV in April 2010 and subsequent ethnic clashes left hundreds dead and damaged infrastructure. Shrinking trade and agricultural production, as well as political instability, caused GDP to contract 0.5% in 2010. The fiscal deficit widened to 11% of GDP, reflecting significant increases in crisis-related spending, including both rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and bank recapitalization. The economy grew 5.7% in 2011, but slowed to around 1% in 2012, primarily because of decreased production from Kumtor; the budget deficit has been reduced to under 8% of GDP. Progress in reconstruction, fighting corruption, restructuring domestic industry, and attracting foreign aid and investment are key to future growth.
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$13.47 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
$13.34 billion (2011 est.)
$12.62 billion (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
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$6.197 billion (2012 est.)
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1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
5.7% (2011 est.)
-0.5% (2010 est.)
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$2,400 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
$2,400 (2011 est.)
$2,300 (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
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agriculture: 20.2%
industry:
27.3%
services:
52.5% (2012 est.)
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2.344 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 114
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agriculture: 48%
industry:
12.5%
services:
39.5% (2005 est.)
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8.6% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
18% (2004 est.)
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33.7% (2011 est.)
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lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%:
27.8% (2009 est.)
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33.4 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 95
29 (2001)
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25.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
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revenues: $1.741 billion
expenditures:
$2.223 billion (2012 est.)
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28.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
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-7.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
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4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
16.6% (2011 est.)
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13.73% (22 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
2.5% (31 December 2010 est.)
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28.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
34.07% (31 December 2011 est.)
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$1.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
$1.363 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$1.952 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
$1.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$897.1 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
$759.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)
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$165 million (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 115
$79 million (31 December 2010)
$71.84 million (31 December 2009)
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tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool
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10% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
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-$546.3 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
-$252.4 million (2011 est.)
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$2.294 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
$2.331 billion (2011 est.)
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gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat, tobacco; mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes
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Uzbekistan 25.3%, Russia 22.1%, Kazakhstan 20.1%, China 7.8%, UAE 5.5%, Afghanistan 5%, Turkey 4.2% (2011)
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$4.272 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
$3.959 billion (2011 est.)
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oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
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China 59.7%, Russia 13.9%, Kazakhstan 5.2% (2011)
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$2.164 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
$1.835 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$3.666 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
$3.602 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$1.669 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
$1.409 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$1.5 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$1.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)
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soms (KGS) per US dollar -
47.33 (2012 est.)
46.144 (2011 est.)
45.964 (2010 est.)
42.905 (2009)
36.108 (2008)
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calendar year
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14.9 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
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7.29 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
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2.62 billion kWh (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
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535 million kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
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3.64 million kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
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20.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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79.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
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1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
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2,387 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
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40 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
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2,607 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
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16,640 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
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5,902 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
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28,940 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
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12.5 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
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462.5 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
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450 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
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5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
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4.131 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
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| Communications ::Kyrgyzstan |
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502,000 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 99
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6.277 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 98
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general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded; loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links
domestic:
fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership was about 115 per 100 persons in 2011
international:
country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
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state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)
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.kg
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115,573 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 81
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2.195 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 74
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| Transportation ::Kyrgyzstan |
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28 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 120
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total: 18
over 3,047 m:
1
2,438 to 3,047 m:
3
1,524 to 2,437 m:
11
under 914 m:
3 (2012)
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total: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
914 to 1,523 m:
1
under 914 m:
8 (2012)
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gas 480 km; oil 16 km (2010)
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total: 470 km
country comparison to the world: 112
broad gauge:
470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)
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total: 34,000 km (2003)
country comparison to the world: 95
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600 km (2010)
country comparison to the world: 80
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Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)
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Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2010)
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18-27 years of age for compulsory male military service in the armed forces or Interior Ministry; service obligation - 1 year, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2010)
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males age 16-49: 1,456,881
females age 16-49:
1,470,317 (2010 est.)
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males age 16-49: 1,119,224
females age 16-49:
1,257,263 (2010 est.)
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male: 56,606
female:
54,056 (2010 est.)
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0.5% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 162
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| Transnational Issues ::Kyrgyzstan |
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Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas
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refugees (country of origin): 5,660 (Uzbekistan) (2011)
IDPs:
172,000 (June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority) (2012)
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limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates
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