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Central Intelligence Agency
The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence
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| page last updated on January 28, 2013 |
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(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
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Click flag or map to enlarge 
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view 1
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| of Antigua and Barbuda |
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| Introduction ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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The Siboney were the first people to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
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| Geography ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
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17 03 N, 61 48 W
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total: 442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)
country comparison to the world: 201
land:
442.6 sq km
water:
0 sq km
note:
includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
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2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
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0 km
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153 km
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
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tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation
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mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
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lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point:
Boggy Peak 402 m
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NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
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arable land: 18.18%
permanent crops:
4.55%
other:
77.27% (2005)
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1.3 sq km
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0.1 cu km (2000)
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total: 0.005 cu km/yr (60%/20%/20%)
per capita:
63 cu m/yr (1990)
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hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
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water management - a major concern because of limited natural freshwater resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor
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| People and Society ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
adjective:
Antiguan, Barbudan
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black 91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9% (2001 census)
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English (official), local dialects
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Protestant 76.4% (Anglican 25.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 12.3%, Pentecostal 10.6%, Moravian 10.5%, Methodist 7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%), Roman Catholic 10.4%, other Christian 5.4%, other 2%, none or unspecified 5.8% (2001 census)
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89,018 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
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0-14 years: 25.2% (male 11,413/ female 11,059)
15-64 years:
67.8% (male 28,141/ female 32,210)
65 years and over:
7% (male 2,674/ female 3,521) (2012 est.)
population pyramid: 
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total: 30.6 years
male:
28.9 years
female:
32 years (2012 est.)
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1.276% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 92
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16.19 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
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5.72 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
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2.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
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urban population: 30% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization:
1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
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SAINT JOHN'S (capital) 27,000 (2009)
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.87 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female
total population:
0.9 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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total: 14.17 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 122
male:
16.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
11.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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total population: 75.69 years
country comparison to the world: 86
male:
73.66 years
female:
77.83 years (2012 est.)
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2.05 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
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5.1% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 135
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0.17 physicians/1,000 population (1999)
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2.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)
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improved:
urban: 98% of population
rural: 94% of population
total: 95% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2% of population
rural: 6% of population
total: 5% of population
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NA
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NA
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NA
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2.7% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 141
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definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population:
85.8%
male:
NA
female:
NA (2003 est.)
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total: 14 years
male:
14 years
female:
14 years (2009)
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total: 19.9%
country comparison to the world: 59
male:
18.4%
female:
21.6% (2001)
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| Government ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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conventional long form: none
conventional short form:
Antigua and Barbuda
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constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a Commonwealth realm
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name: Saint John's
geographic coordinates:
17 07 N, 61 51 W
time difference:
UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
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1 November 1981 (from the UK)
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Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
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1 November 1981
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common law based on the English model
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has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
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18 years of age; universal
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chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Louisse LAKE-TACK (since 17 July 2007)
head of government:
Prime Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
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bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections:
House of Representatives - last held on 12 March 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
election results:
percent of vote by party - UPP 50.9%, ALP 47.2%, BPM 1.1%, other 0.8%; seats by party - UPP 9, ALP 7, BPM 1
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Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court consisting of a High Court of Justice and a Court of Appeal (based in Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court are residents of the islands and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); Magistrates' Courts; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
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Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Gaston BROWNE]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]; Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]; Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)
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Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [Wigley GEORGE]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
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ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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chief of mission: Ambassador Deborah Mae LOVELL
chancery:
3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
telephone:
[1] (202) 362-5122
FAX:
[1] (202) 362-5225
consulate(s) general:
Miami, New York
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the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
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red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band; the sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era, black represents the African heritage of most of the population, blue is for hope, and red is for the dynamism of the people; the "V" stands for victory; the successive yellow, blue, and white coloring is also meant to evoke the country's tourist attractions of sun, sea, and sand
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name: "Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee"
lyrics/music:
Novelle Hamilton RICHARDS/Walter Garnet Picart CHAMBERS
note:
adopted 1967; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)
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| Economy ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and potential damages from natural disasters. After taking office in 2004, the SPENCER government adopted an ambitious fiscal reform program and was successful in reducing its public debt-to-GDP ratio from 120% to about 90% in 2008. The Antiguan economy experienced solid growth from 2003 to 2007, reaching over 12% in 2006 driven by a construction boom in hotels and housing associated with the Cricket World Cup. In 2009, Antigua's economy was severely hit by the global economic crisis and suffered from the collapse of its largest financial institution, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009-11. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels.
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$1.535 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
$1.519 billion (2011 est.)
$1.608 billion (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
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$1.174 billion (2012 est.)
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1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
-5.5% (2011 est.)
-8.5% (2010 est.)
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$17,500 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
$17,300 (2011 est.)
$18,400 (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
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agriculture: 2.1%
industry:
19.6%
services:
78.3% (2012 est.)
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30,000 (1991)
country comparison to the world: 206
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agriculture: 7%
industry:
11%
services:
82% (1983)
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11% (2001 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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NA%
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%:
NA%
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revenues: $229.5 million
expenditures:
$293.4 million (2009 est.)
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19.5% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
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-5.4% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
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130% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
90% of GDP (2008 est.)
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1.4% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
3.3% (2011 est.)
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6.5% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)
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10.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
10.93% (31 December 2011 est.)
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$215.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 177
$223.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)
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$1.131 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
$1.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$1.185 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
$1.134 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
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NA%
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-$200 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
-$120.1 million (2011 est.)
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$37.9 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 202
$43.45 million (2011 est.)
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petroleum products, bedding, handicrafts, electronic components, transport equipment, food and live animals
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$400 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
$427 million (2011 est.)
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food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
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$458 million (June 2010)
country comparison to the world: 173
$359.8 million (June 2006)
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East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
2.7 (2012 est.)
2.7 (2011 est.)
2.7 (2010 est.)
2.7 (2009)
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1 April - 31 March
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| Energy ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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115 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
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107 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
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0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
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0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
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27,000 kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 192
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100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
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0 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
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0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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5,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 169
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240 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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4,662 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 159
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
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0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
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0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
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718,800 Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 176
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| Communications ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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35,500 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 172
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176,000 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 182
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general assessment: good automatic telephone system
domestic:
fixed-line teledensity roughly 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is some 200 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe (France) (2011)
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state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; ABS operates 1 radio station; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on multiple frequencies (2007)
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.ag
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11,532 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 130
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65,000 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 172
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| Transportation ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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3 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 193
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total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m:
1
under 914 m:
1 (2012)
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total: 1
under 914 m:
1 (2012)
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total: 1,165 km
country comparison to the world: 181
paved:
384 km
unpaved:
781 km (2002)
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total: 1,257
country comparison to the world: 9
by type:
bulk carrier 49, cargo 753, carrier 6, chemical tanker 4, container 407, liquefied gas 12, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 17, vehicle carrier 2
foreign-owned:
1,215 (Albania 1, Colombia 1, Denmark 20, Estonia 10, Germany 1094, Greece 4, Iceland 10, Latvia 16, Lithuania 3, Mexico 1, Netherlands 17, Norway 9, NZ 2, Poland 2, Russia 3, Switzerland 7, Turkey 7, UK 1, US 7) (2010)
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Saint John's
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| Military ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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Ministry of National Security, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (includes Antigua and Barbuda Coast Guard) (2012)
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18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
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males age 16-49: 21,141
females age 16-49:
24,056 (2010 est.)
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males age 16-49: 17,676
females age 16-49:
19,960 (2010 est.)
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male: 806
female:
799 (2010 est.)
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0.5% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 161
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| Transnational Issues ::Antigua and Barbuda |
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none
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considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center
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