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Central Intelligence Agency
The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence
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| page last updated on January 29, 2013 |
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(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
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Click flag or map to enlarge 
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The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. In April 2009, Croatia joined NATO; Croatia signed the EU Accession Treaty in December 2011 and ratified the Treaty in January, 2012. Croatia will become a member after all 27 EU members ratify the treaty, with a target date of July 2013.
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Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
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45 10 N, 15 30 E
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total: 56,594 sq km
country comparison to the world: 127
land:
55,974 sq km
water:
620 sq km
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slightly smaller than West Virginia
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total: 1,982 km
border countries:
Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km
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5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
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territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
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Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
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geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
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lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Dinara 1,831 m
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oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
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arable land: 25.82%
permanent crops:
2.19%
other:
71.99% (2005)
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310 sq km (2003)
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105.5 cu km (1998)
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destructive earthquakes
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air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks
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| People and Society ::Croatia |
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noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
adjective:
Croatian
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Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
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Croatian (official) 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) 2.9% (2001 census)
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Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
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4,480,043 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
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0-14 years: 14.8% (male 339,354/ female 321,981)
15-64 years:
68.1% (male 1,515,405/ female 1,535,739)
65 years and over:
17.1% (male 303,879/ female 463,685) (2012 est.)
population pyramid: 
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total: 41.7 years
male:
39.7 years
female:
43.5 years (2012 est.)
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-0.092% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201
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9.57 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
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11.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
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1.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
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urban population: 58% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization:
0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
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ZAGREB (capital) 685,000 (2009)
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.66 male(s)/female
total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
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17 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 142
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total: 6.06 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 172
male:
6.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
5.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
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total population: 75.99 years
country comparison to the world: 82
male:
72.38 years
female:
79.8 years (2012 est.)
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1.44 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
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7.8% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 60
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2.59 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
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5.49 beds/1,000 population (2007)
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improved:
urban: 99% of population
rural: 98% of population
total: 99% of population
unimproved:
urban: 1% of population
rural: 2% of population
total: 1% of population
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less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
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fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
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degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases:
tickborne encephalitis
note:
highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds
(2009)
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22.3% (2003)
country comparison to the world: 18
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4.6% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 76
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
98.8%
male:
99.5%
female:
98.2% (2010 est.)
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total: 14 years
male:
13 years
female:
14 years (2008)
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total: 21.9%
country comparison to the world: 46
male:
18.5%
female:
27.2% (2008)
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conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
conventional short form:
Croatia
local long form:
Republika Hrvatska
local short form:
Hrvatska
former:
People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
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presidential/parliamentary democracy
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name: Zagreb
geographic coordinates:
45 48 N, 16 00 E
time difference:
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
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20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular); Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, Brodsko-Posavska, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka, Krapinsko-Zagorska, Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska, Sibensko-Kninska, Sisacko-Moslavacka, Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska, Viroviticko-Podravska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska, Zadarska, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)
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25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
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Independence Day, 8 October (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia
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adopted 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
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civil law system based on Yugoslav civil codes; note - Croatia has enacted many reforms to its legal system
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has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
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18 years of age; universal
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chief of state: President Ivo JOSIPOVIC (since 18 February 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Zoran MILANOVIC (since 23 December 2011); First Deputy Prime Minister Vesna PUSIC (since 16 November 2012)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary assembly
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the assembly
election results:
Ivo JOSIPOVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Ivo JOSIPOVIC 60%, Milan BANDIC 40%
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unicameral Assembly or Sabor (151 seats; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections:
last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in late 2015)
election results:
percent of vote by party - Kukuriku 40%, HDZ 23.5%, Laborists-Labor 5.1%, HSS 3%, HDSSB 2.9%, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2.8%, HCSP-HSP 2.8%, other 19.9%; number of seats by party - Kukuriku 80, HDZ 47, Laborists-Labor 6, HDSSB 6, Independent list of Ivan Grubisic 2, HSS 1, HCSP-HSP 1, other 8
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Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly
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Croatian Civic Party or HGS [Ante OBAD]; Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Tomislav KARAMARKO]; Croatian Laborists-Labor Party [Dragutin LESAR]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Daniel SRB]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Branko HRG]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Radimir CACIC]; Croatian Pure Party of Rights-Ante Starcevic or HSP-AS [Ruza TOMASIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Kukuriku Coalition (consists of SDP, HNS, IDS, and HSU) [Zoran MILANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]
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other: human rights groups
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Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (acceding country), FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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chief of mission: Ambassador Josko PARO
chancery:
2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 588-5899
FAX:
[1] (202) 588-8936
consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
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chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth MERTEN
embassy:
2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb
mailing address:
use street address
telephone:
[385] (1) 661-2200
FAX:
[385] (1) 661-2373
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three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions, they are (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia
note:
the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia
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red-white checkerboard
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name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland)
lyrics/music:
Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN
note:
adopted 1972; "Lijepa nasa domovino," whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891
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Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve slowly with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008 and has yet to recover. Difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, a growing trade deficit, uneven regional development, and a challenging investment climate. The new government has announced a more flexible approach to privatization, including the sale in the coming years of state-owned businesses that are not of strategic importance. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag. Croatia will face significant pressure as a result of the global financial crisis, due to reduced exports and capital inflows. Croatia reentered a recession in 2012 and Zagreb cut spending, particularly on social programs. Croatia's high foreign debt, anemic export sector, strained state budget, and over-reliance on tourism revenue will hinder economic progress over the medium term.
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$79.67 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
$80.59 billion (2011 est.)
$80.6 billion (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
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$57.49 billion (2012 est.)
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-1.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
0% (2011 est.)
-1.4% (2010 est.)
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$18,100 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
$18,300 (2011 est.)
$18,200 (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
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agriculture: 5.1%
industry:
24.9%
services:
70% (2012 est.)
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1.745 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
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agriculture: 5%
industry:
31.3%
services:
63.6% (2008)
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19% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
17.8% (2011 est.)
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20.6% (2010)
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lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%:
27.5% (2008 est.)
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32 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 105
29 (1998)
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18.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
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revenues: $19.9 billion
expenditures:
$22.51 billion (2012 est.)
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34.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
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-4.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
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66.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
64% of GDP (2011 est.)
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2.9% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
2.3% (2011 est.)
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7% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
9% (31 December 2010 est.)
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8.6% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
9.68% (31 December 2011 est.)
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$9.178 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
$9.073 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$42.47 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
$41.38 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$51.86 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$51.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$21.8 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 61
$24.91 billion (31 December 2010)
$25.64 billion (31 December 2009)
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arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products
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0.3% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
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-$232.7 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
-$449 million (2011 est.)
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$13.04 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
$13.64 billion (2011 est.)
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transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
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Italy 15.8%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.2%, Germany 10.1%, Slovenia 8.3%, Austria 5.7% (2011)
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$21.13 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
$22.52 billion (2011 est.)
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machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs
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Italy 16.3%, Germany 12.6%, Russia 7.2%, China 7.1%, Slovenia 6.2%, Austria 4.5% (2011)
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$14.98 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
$14.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$64.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$64.47 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$35.56 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
$34.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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$6.074 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$5.674 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
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kuna (HRK) per US dollar -
5.891 (2012 est.)
5.3439 (2011 est.)
5.498 (2010 est.)
5.2692 (2009)
4.98 (2008)
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calendar year
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14.67 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
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18.87 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
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1.916 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
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6.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
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4.021 million kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
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47.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
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0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
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44.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
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0.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
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17,650 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
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80,470 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
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71 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
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94,620 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
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92,970 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
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38,140 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
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67,660 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
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2.507 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
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2.974 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
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439 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
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1.125 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
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24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
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23.43 million Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
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|
1.761 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 63
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.115 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 102
|
|
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|
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|
general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s; local lines are digital
domestic:
fixed-line teledensity holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions exceed the population
international:
country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2011)
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the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT), operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately-owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and a number of regional radio stations; 2 privately-owned national radio networks and more than 150 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2007)
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.hr
|
|
|
|
|
|
729,420 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 50
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.234 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 73
|
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69 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 75
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|
total: 24
over 3,047 m:
2
2,438 to 3,047 m:
6
1,524 to 2,437 m:
3
914 to 1,523 m:
3
under 914 m:
10 (2012)
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|
total: 45
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
914 to 1,523 m:
6
under 914 m:
38 (2012)
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1 (2012)
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gas 1,686 km; oil 532 km (2010)
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total: 2,722 km
country comparison to the world: 60
standard gauge:
2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (984 km electrified) (2009)
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total: 29,343 km (includes 1,047 km of expressways) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 98
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785 km (2009)
country comparison to the world: 74
|
|
|
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|
|
total: 77
country comparison to the world: 57
by type:
bulk carrier 24, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1
foreign-owned:
2 (Norway 2)
registered in other countries:
31 (Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Liberia 1, Malta 6, Marshall Islands 12, Panama 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8) (2010)
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Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split, Vukovar (on Danube River)
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Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH), consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2010)
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18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; 16 years of age with parental consent; 6-month service obligation; conscription abolished 1 January 2008 (2010)
|
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|
|
males age 16-49: 1,016,234
females age 16-49:
1,017,355 (2010 est.)
|
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|
|
|
|
males age 16-49: 770,710
females age 16-49:
839,732 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
male: 28,334
female:
27,015 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.39% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
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| Transnational Issues ::Croatia |
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dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Pirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a European Union peripheral state, Slovenia imposed a hard border Schengen regime with non-member Croatia in December 2007
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IDPs: 2,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95 war) (2007)
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transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)
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