Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
|
Background:
|
The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
|
|
Location:
|
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
|
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
43 44 N, 7 24 E
|
|
Map references:
|
Europe
|
|
Area:
|
total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km
|
|
Area - comparative:
|
about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
|
|
Land boundaries:
|
total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
|
|
Coastline:
|
4.1 km
|
|
Maritime claims:
|
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
|
|
Climate:
|
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
|
|
Terrain:
|
hilly, rugged, rocky
|
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
|
|
Natural resources:
|
none
|
|
Land use:
|
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
|
|
Irrigated land:
|
NA
|
|
Natural hazards:
|
NA
|
|
Environment - current issues:
|
NA
|
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
|
|
Geography - note:
|
second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
|
|
Population:
|
32,965 (July 2009 est.)
|
|
Age structure:
|
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 2,466/female 2,349)
15-64 years: 62.4% (male 10,184/female 10,395)
65 years and over: 23% (male 3,068/female 4,503) (2009 est.)
|
|
Median age:
|
total: 45.7 years
male: 43.6 years
female: 47.7 years (2009 est.)
|
|
Population growth rate:
|
0.394% (2009 est.)
|
|
Birth rate:
|
9.1 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
|
|
Death rate:
|
12.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
|
|
Net migration rate:
|
7.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
|
|
Urbanization:
|
urban population: 100% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
|
|
Sex ratio:
|
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
total: 5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.77 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
|
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total population: 80.09 years
male: 76.3 years
female: 84.09 years (2009 est.)
|
|
Total fertility rate:
|
1.75 children born/woman (2009 est.)
|
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
NA
|
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
NA
|
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
NA
|
|
Nationality:
|
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
|
|
Ethnic groups:
|
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
|
|
Religions:
|
Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
|
|
Languages:
|
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
|
|
Literacy:
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
|
|
Education expenditures:
|
4.4% of GDP (2004)
|
|
Country name:
|
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
|
|
Government type:
|
constitutional monarchy
|
|
Capital:
|
name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|
|
Administrative divisions:
|
none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
|
|
Independence:
|
1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)
|
|
National holiday:
|
National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
|
|
Constitution:
|
17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002
|
|
Legal system:
|
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|
|
Suffrage:
|
18 years of age; universal
|
|
Executive branch:
|
chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
|
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3 February 2008 (next to be held in February 2013)
election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3
|
|
Judicial branch:
|
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
|
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Monaco Together
|
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
NA
|
|
International organization participation:
|
CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
|
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and Representative to the UN Gilles NOGHES
chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Suite 2K-100, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: (202) 234-1530
FAX: (202) 552-5778
|
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco
|
|
Flag description:
|
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
|
|
Economy - overview:
|
Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
|
|
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$976.3 million (2006 est.)
note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough
|
|
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
$NA
|
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
0.9% (2000 est.)
|
|
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
$30,000 (2006 est.)
|
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 0%
industry: 4.9%
services: 95.1% (2005)
|
|
Labor force:
|
44,000
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)
|
|
Unemployment rate:
|
0% (2005)
|
|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
|
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $863 million
expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
1.9% (2000)
|
|
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
$NA
|
|
Agriculture - products:
|
none
|
|
Industries:
|
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
|
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
NA%
|
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
NA kWh
|
|
Electricity - imports:
|
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
|
|
Exports:
|
$716.3 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
|
|
Imports:
|
$916.1 million f.o.b.
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005)
|
|
Debt - external:
|
$18 billion (2000 est.)
|
|
Exchange rates:
|
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
|
|
Disputes - international:
|
none
|
This page was last updated on 14 May 2009
|
