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  Geography
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  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January 2003
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2003.


This page was last updated on 1 August, 2003


Map of West Bank

Legend: Definition Definition Field Listing Field Listing Rank Order Rank Order
   Introduction    West Bank
Background:
Definition Field Listing
The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank had begun in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, but have been derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continue to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement.
   Geography    West Bank
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Middle East, west of Jordan
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
32 00 N, 35 15 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Middle East
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 5,860 sq km
note: includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967
water: 220 sq km
land: 5,640 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than Delaware
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 404 km
border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
none (landlocked)
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point: Tall Asur 1,022 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
arable land
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: NEGL%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
NA sq km
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
droughts
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 242 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank and 29 in East Jerusalem (February 2002 est.)
   People    West Bank
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2,237,194 (July 2002 est.)
note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (February 2002 est.) (July 2003 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 44.1% (male 505,880; female 481,369)
15-64 years: 52.4% (male 598,992; female 572,511)
65 years and over: 3.5% (male 33,688; female 44,754) (2003 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 17.9 years
male: 17.7 years
female: 18 years (2002)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
3.3% (2003 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
34.07 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
3.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 20.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 22.86 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 72.68 years
male: 70.95 years
female: 74.51 years (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
4.65 children born/woman (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: NA
adjective: NA
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
   Government    West Bank
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: West Bank
   Economy    West Bank
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Real per capita GDP for the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) declined by about one-third between 1992 and 1996 due to the combined effect of falling aggregate incomes and rapid population growth. The downturn in economic activity was largely the result of Israeli closure policies - the imposition of border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted labor and commodity market relationships between Israel and the WBGS. The most serious social effect of this downturn was rising unemployment; unemployment in the WBGS during the 1980s was generally under 5%; by 1995 it had risen to over 20%. Israel's use of comprehensive closures during the next five years decreased and, in 1998, Israel implemented new policies to reduce the impact of closures and other security procedures on the movement of Palestinian goods and labor. These changes fueled an almost three-year-long economic recovery in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; real GDP grew by 5% in 1998 and 6% in 1999. Recovery was upended in the last quarter of 2000 with the outbreak of violence, which triggered tight Israeli closures of Palestinian self-rule areas and severely disrupted trade and labor movements. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas have resulted in the destruction of much capital plant and administrative structure, widespread business closures, and a sharp drop in GDP. Another major loss has been the decline in earnings of Palestinian workers in Israel. International aid of $2 billion in 2001-02 to the West Bank and Gaza Strip have prevented the complete collapse of the economy.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-22% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $800 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 9%
industry: 28%
services: 63%
note: includes Gaza Strip (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
60% (2002 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
50% (includes Gaza Strip) (2002 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $930 million
note: includes Gaza Strip (2000 est.)
expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $15 million
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants
Electricity - production by source:
Definition Field Listing
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA kWh
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
NA kWh
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$603 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.9 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
food, consumer goods, construction materials
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2001-02 est.)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
ILS; JOD
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997); Jordanian dinars per US dollar - fixed rate of 0.7090 (from 1996)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year (since 1 January 1992)
   Communications    West Bank
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
95,729 (total for West Bank and Gaza Strip) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA
note: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for communication services in the West Bank
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
note: the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts from an AM station in Ramallah on 675 kHz; numerous local, private stations are reported to be in operation (2000)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
Definition Field Listing
8 (1999)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
60,000 (includes Gaza Strip) (2001)
   Transportation    West Bank
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 km
Highways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 4,500 km
paved: 2,700 km
unpaved: 1,800 km (1997 est.)
note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
none
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
none
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
3 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2002)
   Military    West Bank
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
   Transnational Issues    West Bank
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation

This page was last updated on 1 August, 2003


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