Oracle8 Reference
Release 8.0
A58242-01

Contents

Title and Copyright Information

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Preface

Feature Coverage and Availability

Knowledge Assumed of the Reader

Installation and Migration Information

Information Database Administration

Application Design Information

How Oracle8 Server Reference Is Organized

Conventions Used in This Manual

Text of the Manual

Examples of Commands and Statements

Your Comments Are Welcome

1 Initialization Parameters

Initialization Parameter File

Specifying Values in the Parameter File

Using Special Characters in Parameter Values

Changing Parameter Values

Displaying Current Parameter Values

Uses of Parameters

Types of Parameters

Parameters You Should Not Specify in the Parameter File

When Parameters Are Set Incorrectly

Reading the Parameter Descriptions

Parameter Descriptions

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY

ALLOW_PARTIAL_SN_RESULTS

ALWAYS_ANTI_JOIN

ALWAYS_SEMI_JOIN

AQ_TM_PROCESSES

AUDIT_FILE_DEST

B_TREE_BITMAP_PLANS

BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP

BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST

BACKUP_DISK_IO_SLAVES

BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES

BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE

BUFFER_POOL_KEEP

BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE

CACHE_SIZE_THRESHOLD

CLEANUP_ROLLBACK_ENTRIES

CLOSE_CACHED_OPEN_CURSORS

COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH

COMPATIBLE_NO_RECOVERY

COMPLEX_VIEW_MERGING

CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME

CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE

CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME

DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS

DB_BLOCK_CHECKPOINT_BATCH

DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM

DB_BLOCK_LRU_EXTENDED_STATISTICS

DB_BLOCK_LRU_LATCHES

DB_BLOCK_LRU_STATISTICS

DB_BLOCK_MAX_DIRTY_TARGET

DB_FILE_DIRECT_IO_COUNT

DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

DB_FILE_SIMULTANEOUS_WRITES

DB_WRITER_PROCESSES

DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN

DELAYED_LOGGING_BLOCK_CLEANOUTS

DISCRETE_TRANSACTIONS_ENABLED

DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT

DISTRIBUTED_RECOVERY_CONNECTION_HOLD_TIME

DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS

ENQUEUE_RESOURCES

FAST_FULL_SCAN_ENABLED

FREEZE_DB_FOR_FAST_INSTANCE_RECOVERY

GC_FILES_TO_LOCK

GC_RELEASABLE_LOCKS

GC_ROLLBACK_LOCKS

HASH_JOIN_ENABLED

HASH_MULTIBLOCK_IO_COUNT

HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS

INSTANCE_GROUPS

INSTANCE_NUMBER

JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL

JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES

LARGE_POOL_MIN_ALLOC

LARGE_POOL_SIZE

LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS

LICENSE_MAX_USERS

LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING

LOCK_NAME_SPACE

LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFER_SIZE

LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFERS

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST

LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT

LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST

LOG_ARCHIVE_START

LOG_BLOCK_CHECKSUM

LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL

LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT

LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_SIMULTANEOUS_COPIES

LOG_SMALL_ENTRY_MAX_SIZE

MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY

MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE

MAX_ENABLED_ROLES

MAX_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS

MAX_TRANSACTION_BRANCHES

MTS_DISPATCHERS

MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS

MTS_MAX_DISPATCHERS

MTS_MAX_SERVERS

MTS_MULTIPLE_LISTENERS

MTS_RATE_LOG_SIZE

NLS_DATE_FORMAT

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS

OBJECT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT

OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE

OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE

OPS_ADMIN_GROUP

OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE

OPTIMIZER_PERCENT_PARALLEL

OPTIMIZER_SEARCH_LIMIT

ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_NAME

ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_PATH

ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_SIZE

ORACLE_TRACE_ENABLE

ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_NAME

ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_PATH

OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX

PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER

PARALLEL_BROADCAST_ENABLED

PARALLEL_DEFAULT_MAX_INSTANCES

PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE

PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP

PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS

PARALLEL_MIN_MESSAGE_POOL

PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT

PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS

PARALLEL_SERVER

PARALLEL_SERVER_IDLE_TIME

PARALLEL_TRANSACTION_RESOURCE_TIMEOUT

PARTITION_VIEW_ENABLED

PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY

PUSH_JOIN_PREDICATE

READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED

RECOVERY_PARALLELISM

REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE

REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT

REMOTE_OS_ROLES

REPLICATION_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING

ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS

ROW_CACHE_CURSORS

SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES

SEQUENCE_CACHE_HASH_BUCKETS

SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS

SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES

SHADOW_CORE_DUMP

SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS

SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_MIN_ALLOC

SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE

SHARED_POOL_SIZE

SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE

SORT_DIRECT_WRITES

SORT_SPACEMAP_SIZE

SORT_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE

SORT_WRITE_BUFFERS

STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED

TEMPORARY_TABLE_LOCKS

TIMED_OS_STATISTICS

TIMED_STATISTICS

TRANSACTION_AUDITING

TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT

USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS

2 Static Data Dictionary Views

Data Dictionary Views

ALL_COL_COMMENTS

ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE

ALL_COL_PRIVS_RECD

ALL_CONS_COLUMNS

ALL_CONSTRAINTS

ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS

ALL_DEPENDENCIES

ALL_DIRECTORIES

ALL_IND_COLUMNS

ALL_IND_PARTITIONS

ALL_METHOD_PARAMS

ALL_METHOD_RESULTS

ALL_NESTED_TABLES

ALL_OBJECT_TABLES

ALL_PART_COL_STATISTICS

ALL_PART_HISTOGRAMS

ALL_PART_INDEXES

ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS

ALL_PART_TABLES

ALL_REFRESH_CHILDREN

ALL_REGISTERED_SNAPSHOTS

ALL_REPCOLUMN_GROUP

ALL_REPCONFLICT

ALL_REPGENERATED

ALL_REPGROUPED_COLUMN

ALL_REPKEY_COLUMNS

ALL_REPPARAMETER_COLUMN

ALL_REPPRIORITY

ALL_REPPRIORITY_GROUP

ALL_REPRESOLUTION

ALL_REPRESOL_STATS_CONTROL

ALL_REPRESOLUTION_METHOD

ALL_REPRESOLUTION_STATISTICS

ALL_SNAPSHOT_LOGS

ALL_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMES

ALL_TAB_COL_STATISTICS

ALL_TAB_COLUMNS

ALL_TAB_COMMENTS

ALL_TAB_HISTOGRAMS

ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS

ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE

ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD

ALL_TRIGGER_COLS

ALL_TYPE_METHODS

ALL_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS

COLUMN_PRIVILEGES

DBA_2PC_NEIGHBORS

DBA_2PC_PENDING

DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS

DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT

DBA_AUDIT_SESSION

DBA_AUDIT_STATEMENT

DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL

DBA_CLU_COLUMNS

DBA_COL_COMMENTS

DBA_CONSTRAINTS

DBA_CONS_COLUMNS

DBA_DEPENDENCIES

DBA_DIRECTORIES

DBA_EXP_OBJECTS

DBA_EXP_VERSION

DBA_FREE_SPACE_COALESCED

DBA_IND_COLUMNS

DBA_IND_PARTITIONS

DBA_JOBS_RUNNING

DBA_METHOD_PARAMS

DBA_METHOD_RESULTS

DBA_NESTED_TABLES

DBA_OBJECT_SIZE

DBA_OBJECT_TABLES

DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS

DBA_PART_COL_STATISTICS

DBA_PART_HISTOGRAMS

DBA_PART_INDEXES

DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS

DBA_PART_TABLES

DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS

DBA_QUEUE_SCHEDULES

DBA_ QUEUE_TABLES

DBA_REFRESH_CHILDREN

DBA_REGISTERED_SNAPSHOT_GROUPS

DBA_REGISTERED_SNAPSHOTS

DBA_REPCOLUMN_GROUP

DBA_REPCONFLICT

DBA_REPGENERATED

DBA_REPGROUPED_COLUMN

DBA_REPKEY_COLUMNS

DBA_REPPARAMETER_COLUMN

DBA_REPPRIORITY

DBA_REPPRIORITY_GROUP

DBA_REPRESOLUTION

DBA_REPRESOLUTION_METHOD

DBA_REPRESOL_STATS_CONTROL

DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS

DBA_SNAPSHOT_LOGS

DBA_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMES

DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS

DBA_TAB_COL_STATISTICS

DBA_TAB_COLUMNS

DBA_TAB_COMMENTS

DBA_TAB_HISTOGRAMS

DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS

DBA_TABLESPACES

DBA_TRIGGER_COLS

DBA_TYPE_METHODS

DBA_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS

DBMS_ALERT_INFO

DBMS_LOCK_ALLOCATED

HS_EXTERNAL_OBJECT_PRIVILEGES

HS_EXTERNAL_OBJECTS

HS_EXTERNAL_USER_PRIVILEGES

INDEX_HISTOGRAM

LOADER_CONSTRAINT_INFO

LOADER_PART_INFO

LOADER_PARAM_INFO

LOADER_TAB_INFO

LOADER_TRIGGER_INFO

NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS

NLS_INSTANCE_PARAMETERS

NLS_SESSION_PARAMETERS

PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION

PUBLIC_DEPENDENCY

ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS

STMT_AUDIT_OPTION_MAP

SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_MAP

TABLE_PRIVILEGES

TABLE_PRIVILEGE_MAP

TRUSTED_SERVERS

TS_PITR_OBJECTS_TO_BE_DROPPED

USER_ALL_TABLES

USER_AUDIT_OBJECT

USER_AUDIT_SESSION

USER_AUDIT_STATEMENT

USER_AUDIT_TRAIL

USER_CLU_COLUMNS

USER_COL_COMMENTS

USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE

USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD

USER_COLL_TYPES

USER_CONSTRAINTS

USER_CONS_COLUMNS

USER_DEPENDENCIES

USER_FREE_SPACE

USER_IND_COLUMNS

USER_IND_PARTITIONS

USER_METHOD_PARAMS

USER_METHOD_RESULTS

USER_NESTED_TABLES

USER_OBJECT_TABLES

USER_OBJECT_SIZE

USER_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS

USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS

U SER_PART_HISTOGRAMS

USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS

USER_PART_INDEXES

USER_PART_TABLES

USER_PASSWORD_LIMITS

USER_QUEUE_TABLES

USER_REFRESH_CHILDREN

USER_REPCOLUMN_GROUP

USER_REPCONFLICT

USER_REPGENERATED

USER_REPGROUPED_COLUMN

USER_REPKEY_COLUMNS

USER_REPPARAMETER_COLUMN

USER_REPPRIORITY

USER_REPPRIORITY_GROUP

USER_REPRESOLUTION

USER_REPRESOL_STATS_CONTROL

USER_REPRESOLUTION_METHOD

USER_REPRESOLUTION_STATISTICS

USER_RESOURCE_LIMITS

USER_ROLE_PRIVS

USER_SNAPSHOT_LOGS

USER_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMES

USER_TAB_COL_STATISTICS

USER_TAB_COLUMNS

USER_TAB_COMMENTS

USER_TAB_HISTOGRAMS

USER_TAB_PARTITIONS

USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE

USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD

USER_TABLESPACES

USER_TRIGGER_COLS

USER_TYPE_ATTRS

USER_TYPE_METHODS

USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS

3 Dynamic Performance (V$) Views

Dynamic Performance Views

Access to the Dynamic Performance Tables

View Descriptions

V$ACTIVE_INSTANCES

V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION

V$BACKUP_DATAFILE

V$BACKUP_DEVICE

V$BACKUP_REDOLOG

V$COMPATIBILITY

V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION

V$COPY_CORRUPTION

V$CURRENT_BUCKET

V$DATAFILE_COPY

V$DATAFILE_HEADER

V$DB_OBJECT_CACHE

V$DELETED_OBJECT

V$DISPATCHER_RATE

V$DLM_CONVERT_LOCAL

V$DLM_CONVERT_REMOTE

V$EXECUTION_LOCATION

V$FIXED_VIEW_DEFINITION

V$GLOBAL_TRANSACTION

V$INDEXED_FIXED_COLUMN

V$LATCH_CHILDREN

V$LOCK_ACTIVITY

V$LOCKED_OBJECT

V$LOCKS_WITH_COLLISIONS

V$MLS_PARAMETERS

V$NLS_PARAMETERS

V$NLS_VALID_VALUES

V$OBJECT_DEPENDENCY

V$OFFLINE_RANGE

V$RECENT_BUCKET

V$RECOVERY_FILE_STATUS

V$RECOVERY_PROGRESS

V$RECOVERY_STATUS

V$RESOURCE_LIMIT

V$SESSION_CONNECT_INFO

V$SESSION_CURSOR_CACHE

V$SESSION_EVENT

V$SESSION_LONGOPS

V$SESSION_OBJECT_CACHE

V$SHARED_POOL_RESERVED

V$SHARED_SERVER

V$SQL_BIND_DATA

V$SQL_BIND_METADATA

V$SQL_SHARED_MEMORY

V$SQLTEXT_WITH_NEWLINES

V$SYSTEM_CURSOR_CACHE

V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER

V$TRANSACTION_ENQUEUE

4 National Language Support

What Does National Language Support Provide?

Oracle Server NLS Architecture

Background Information

Character Encoding Schemes

Choosing Character Sets for Database Character Set and National Character Set

Uses for the Database Character Set

Uses for the National Character Set

Guidelines for Choosing Character Sets

Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior

Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for a Session

Client/Server Architecture

Specifying Language-Dependent Application Behavior

Language-Dependent Functions

Sorting Character Data

Specifying Default Language-Dependent Behavior

Runtime Loadable NLS Data

NLS_DATE_FORMAT

NLS_DATE_ LANGUAGE

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS

Specifying Character Sets

Supported Character Sets

Character Set Conversion

Storing Data in Multi-Byte Character Sets

Loadable Character Sets

Date and Number Formats

Additional NLS Environment Variables

Client-Only Environment Variables

Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions

Default Specifications

Specifying Parameters

Unacceptable Parameters

CONVERT Function

NLSSORT Function

Other SQL Functions

Obsolete NLS Data

Unicode (UTF-8) Support

Supported Languages

Supported Territories

Storage Character Sets

General Concepts for Customized Character Sets

Linguistic Definitions

Calendar Systems

5 Database Limits

Database Limits

6 SQL Scripts

Creating the Data Dictionary

Creating Additional Data Dictionary Structures

The "NO" Scripts

Migration Scripts

A Oracle Wait Events

Oracle Wait Events

Parameter Descriptions

DFS db file lock

DFS lock handle

KOLF: Register LFI close

KOLF: Register LFI exists

KOLF: Register LFI isopen

KOLF: Register LFI length

KOLF: Register LFI lfimkm

KOLF: Register LFI lfimkpth

KOLF: Register LFI open

KOLF: Register LFI read

KOLF: Register LFI seek

PL/SQL lock timer

SQL*Net break/reset to client

SQL*Net break/reset to dblink

SQL*Net message from client

SQL*Net message from dblink

SQL*Net message to client

SQL*Net message to dblink

SQL*Net more data from client

SQL*Net more data from dblink

SQL*Net more data to client

SQL*Net more data to dblink

WMON goes to sleep

alter system set mts_dispatchers

batched allocate scn lock request

buffer busy waits

buffer deadlock

buffer for checkpoint

buffer read retry

checkpoint completed

checkpoint range buffer not saved

control file parallel write

control file sequential read

control file single write

conversion file read

db file parallel read

db file parallel write

db file scattered read

db file sequential read

db file single write

direct path read

direct path write

dispatcher shutdown

dispatcher timer

duplicate cluster key

free buffer waits

free global transaction table entry

free process state object

global cache freelist wait

global cache lock busy

global cache lock cleanup

global cache lock null to s

global cache lock null to x

global cache lock open null

global cache lock open s

global cache lock open ss

global cache lock open x

global cache lock s to x

inactive session

inactive transaction branch

index block split

instance recovery

instance state change

library cache load lock

library cache lock

library cache pin

lock manager wait for remote message

log buffer space

log file parallel write

log file sequential read

log file single write

log file switch (archiving needed)

log file switch (checkpoint incomplete)

log file switch (clearing log file)

log file switch completion

log switch/archive

on-going SCN fetch to complete

parallel query create server

parallel query dequeue wait

parallel query qref latch

parallel query server shutdown

parallel query signal server

pending global transaction(s)

process startup

rdbms ipc message

rdbms ipc message block

rdbms ipc reply

scginq AST call

single-task message

switch logfile command

timer in sksawat

undo segment extension

undo segment recovery

undo segment tx slot

virtual circuit status

write complete waits

writes stopped by instance recovery

B Enqueue and Lock Names

C Statistics Descriptions

Statistics Descriptions

CPU used by this session

CR blocks created

Current blocks converted for CR

DBWR Flush object call found no dirty buffers

DBWR Flush object cross instance calls

DBWR buffers scanned

DBWR checkpoints

DBWR cross instance writes

DBWR free buffers found

DBWR make free requests

DBWR summed scan depth

DDL statements parallelized

DML statements parallelized.

PX local messages recv'd

PX local messages sent

PX remote messages recv'd

PX remote messages sent

SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

SQL*Net roundtrips to/from dblink

Unnecessary process cleanup for SCN batching

background checkpoints completed

background checkpoints started

bytes received via SQL*Net from client

bytes received via SQL*Net from dblink

bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

bytes sent via SQL*Net to dblink

calls to get snapshot scn: kcmgss

change write time

cluster key scan block gets

cluster key scans

commit cleanout failures: block lost

commit cleanout failures: buffer being written

commit cleanout failures: callback failure

commit cleanout failures: cannot pin

commit cleanout failures: hot backup in progress

commit cleanout failures: write disabled

commit cleanouts

commit cleanouts successfully completed

consistent changes

consistent gets

cross instance CR read

db block changes

dirty buffers inspected

enqueue conversions

enqueue deadlocks

enqueue releases

enqueue requests

enqueue timeouts

exchange deadlocks

free buffer inspected

free buffer requested

global cache defers

global cache freelist waits

global cache hash latch waits

global lock convert time

global lock converts (async)

global lock converts (non async)

global lock get time

global lock gets (async)

global lock gets (non async)

global lock release time

global lock releases

kcmccs called get current scn

kcmccs read scn without going to DLM

kcmgss waited for batching

lock element waits

logons cumulative

next scns gotten without going to DLM

opened cursors cumulative

opened cursors current

opens of replaced files

opens requiring cache replacement

parse count (hard)

parse count (soft)

parse count (total)

parse time elapsed

physical writes

queries parallelized

recovery array read time

recovery array reads

recovery blocks read

recursive calls

recursive cpu usage

redo entries linearized

redo log space requests

redo log space wait time

redo log switch interrupts

redo ordering marks

redo synch time

redo sync writes

redo write time

redo writer latching time

remote instance undo block writes

remote instance undo header writes

remote instance undo requests

serializable aborts

session connect time

session cursor cache count

session cursor cache hits

session logical reads

session pga memory

session pga memory max

session stored procedure space

session uga memory

session uga memory max

summed dirty queue length

table fetch by rowid

table fetch continued row

table scan blocks gotten

table scan rows gotten

table scans (cache partitions)

table scans (direct read)

table scans (long tables)

table scans (rowid ranges)

table scans (short tables)

total file opens

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