Index

DBA privilege, 21-10, A-16

ALTER TABLE statement

ALLOCATE EXTENT option, 17-10

allocating extents, 17-12, 17-13

DISABLE TABLE LOCK option, 7-6, 10-3, 16-9

ENABLE TABLE LOCK option, 7-6, 10-3, 16-9

MAXEXTENTS option, 17-13

ALTER TABLESPACE statement

ADD DATAFILE, 15-10

ADD DATAFILE option, A-15

BACKUP option, 21-14

OFFLINE and ONLINE options, A-15

READ ONLY option, 12-3

renaming a data file, A-15

application

analysis, 12-2

availability, 22-11

business functions, 12-3

compute-intensive, 1-23

converting to multi-instance, 23-3

departmentalized, 2-8

designing, 13-2

disjoint data, 1-19, 2-7

DSS, 1-6, 1-15, 1-23, 2-7

failover, 4-9, 22-2

insert-intensive, 11-12

node, 5-4

query-intensive, 1-19, 2-7

random access, 2-8

redesigning for parallel processing, 1-18

scalability, 2-2, 2-6

tuning, 12-2

tuning performance, 1-17, 11-12

ARCH process, 5-5, 21-4

architecture

archive log

ARCHIVE LOG clause

CURRENT option, 21-9, 21-11, 21-15, A-16

global log switch, 21-11, 21-15

manual archiving, 21-4

specifying an instance, 18-20

THREAD option, 21-4

ARCHIVE LOG command, 21-3

ARCHIVELOG mode, 14-9

automatic archiving, 4-7, 21-3

changing mode, 14-2, 14-9, B-3

creating a database, 14-2

online and offline backups, 4-7, 21-3

archiving redo log files, 21-1

automatic versus manual, 21-3

conversion to multi-instance, 23-3

creating a database, 14-2

forcing a log switch, 21-10

history, 21-6

identified in control file, 6-5

log sequence number, 21-5

online archiving, 4-7, 21-3

AST, 8-3

asymmetrical multiprocessing, 2-5

asynchronous trap, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5

authentication

password file, 18-25

AUTOEXTEND, 15-10

automatic archiving, 21-3

automatic recovery, 21-6

availability, 12-2

and interconnect, 3-3

benefit of parallel database, 1-16

data files, 6-3, 22-13

multiple databases, 1-21

phases of recovery, 22-14

recovery time, 21-8

shared disk systems, 3-7

single-node failure, 2-12, 22-11

B

background process, 5-5

ARCH, 21-4

DBWR, 21-8

holding instance lock, 7-5, 7-6

instance, 5-4

LCKn, 5-6

LGWR, 21-6

optional, 5-5

parallel cache management, 4-10, 5-6

conversion to multi-instance, 23-3

export, B-2

files used in recovery, 22-16

offline, 4-7, 21-12

online, 4-7, 21-9, 21-12, 21-15

parallel, 21-12

bandwidth, 1-14, 2-3, 2-12, 3-3, 3-4, 3-6, 3-7

batch applications, 1-15, 1-16

BEGIN BACKUP option, 21-14

block

allocating dynamically, 17-14

associated with instance, 11-11, 22-11

cleanout, A-11

contention, 6-9, 11-15, 15-6, 17-10, 17-11

deferred rollback, 6-9, A-16

distributed lock, 5-5

free space, 11-2

instance lock, 4-10

multiple copies, 4-6, 4-10, 5-5

redo log, 21-9

segment header, 11-14

when written to disk, 4-6, 9-9, 21-8

distributed locks, 2-7

dictionary cache, 4-10, 5-5, 6-6

minimizing I/O, 4-6, 4-10

written to disk, 4-6

buffer state, 9-10, 9-11

buffer, redo log, 5-5

C

cache

buffer cache, 4-6, 5-5

coherency, 4-10, 9-3

consistency, on MPPs, 3-9

flushing dictionary, 4-14

management issues, non-PCM, 4-14

parallel cache management, 4-10

recovery, 22-15

CACHE option, CREATE SEQUENCE, 6-6, 6-7

sequence cache, 4-7, 6-7

CACHE keyword, 18-27

CACHE_SIZE_THRESHOLD parameter, 18-10, A-14

callback,failover, 22-9

capacity planning, 19-3

CATPARR.SQL script, 15-13, 20-2, 20-5

CHECK DATAFILES clause, 6-3

instance recovery, 22-13

checkpoint

CHECKPOINT_PROCESS parameter, 18-9

CKPT process, 5-5

CLEANUP_ROLLBACK_ENTRIES parameter, A-6, A-10

client-server configuration, 5-4

description, 1-22

Net8, 1-22

closed thread, 21-4, 21-15

cluster

allocating extents, 17-12

free list groups, 17-10

free lists, 11-12, 17-7

hash cluster, 11-12, 17-7, A-17

implementations, 2-3

performance, 3-3

committed data

checkpoint, 21-10

instance failure, 22-11

sequence numbers, 6-7

compatibility

shared and exclusive modes, 6-2, 17-10

concurrency

inserts and updates, 11-14, 17-6

maximum number of instances, 11-15, 14-4

SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES, 6-7

sequences, 6-7

shared mode, 4-2

transactions, 5-4, 11-2

configurations

change in redo log, 14-9

client-server, 1-22

guidelines for parallel server, 5-7

multi-instance database system, 1-19

overview of Oracle, 1-17

single instance database system, 1-18

CONNECT command, 14-7, 18-18, 18-20

forcing a checkpoint, 21-10

Net8, 18-16

SYSDBA option, 18-12, 18-26

Connect Load Balancing (CLB), 22-6

connect string, 18-16, 18-19, 18-20, 22-6

consistency

multiversion read, 4-7

rollback information, 6-8

contention

block, 6-9, 11-15, 15-6, 17-10, 17-11

disk, 6-2, 6-10

distributed lock, 15-6

for rollback segments, 20-12

free list, 19-6

free space, 4-8, 11-2, 11-14

index, 19-6

monitoring, 20-11

on single block or row, 2-9

rollback segment, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10

segment header, 11-14, 19-6

sequence number, 4-7, 6-6

SYSTEM tablespace, 14-5

table data, 6-2, 6-8, 17-11

control file, 6-2

accessibility, 5-7

backing up, 21-1

CONTROL_FILES parameter, 18-10, 22-20

creating, 14-10

data files, 17-11

log history, 14-4, 21-6

MAXLOGHISTORY, 6-5

parameter values, 18-8

shared, 5-4, 18-6

same for all instances, 18-6, 18-10

conversion

application, 23-3

database, 23-4

database, to multi-instance, 23-1

CPU_COUNT parameter, 18-10

CREATE CLUSTER statement, 17-7, A-17

FREELIST GROUPS option, 17-6

FREELISTS option, 17-6

CREATE CONTROLFILE statement

changing database options, 14-10

conversion to multi-instance, 23-6

exclusive mode, B-3

MAXLOGHISTORY, 21-6

CREATE DATABASE statement, 14-3

exclusive mode, B-3

MAXINSTANCES, 11-15, 14-4

MAXLOGFILES, 14-4

MAXLOGHISTORY, 6-5, 14-4, 21-6

MAXLOGMEMBERS, 14-4

options, 14-4

setting the log mode, 14-2, 14-9

thread number 1, 14-8

CREATE INDEX statement

FREELISTS option, 17-7

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 14-5, 14-6, 20-12

CREATE SEQUENCE statement, 6-7

CACHE option, 6-7

CYCLE option, 6-6

description, 6-6

ORDER option, 6-6, 6-7

CREATE TABLE statement

clustered tables, 17-7

examples, 17-12, 17-13

FREELIST GROUPS option, 11-11

FREELISTS option, 11-11, 17-6

initial storage, 17-11, 17-13

CREATE TABLESPACE statement, A-15

creating a rollback segment, 14-5, 14-6

creating a tablespace, A-15

cross-instance CR read, 20-15

current instance, 18-20

checkpoints, 21-9, 21-11

forcing a global log switch, 21-9, 21-11

global log switch, 21-15

new in Oracle7, A-16

CYCLE option, CREATE SEQUENCE, 6-6

D

data block, 5-5

data dependent routing, 12-7, 19-6

data warehousing, 2-7

database

archiving mode, 14-2, 14-9

backup, 4-7, 21-1

closing, 18-26

conversion to multi-instance, 23-1, 23-4

creation, 14-3

designing, 1-17, 13-2

dismounting, 18-26

export and import, B-2

migrating to multi-instance, 23-3

mounted but not open, 14-9

number of archived log files, 6-5, 21-6

number of instances, 11-15, 14-4

rollback segments, 14-5

scalability, 2-6

starting NOMOUNT, 22-20

database administrator (DBA)

distributed database, 1-21

data-dependent routing, 3-10

datafile

accessiblity, 5-7

adding, 15-7, 15-10, 15-14, A-15

allocating extents, 17-10

backing up, 21-1, 21-9

checkpoint, 21-8, 21-9

disk contention, 6-2

dropping, A-15

file ID, 15-3

instance recovery, 6-3, 22-13

mapping locks to blocks, 9-7

maximum number, B-3

multiple files per table, 11-15, 17-10, 17-11

number of blocks, 15-3

parallel recovery, 22-16

recovery, 22-16, A-19

renaming, A-15

shared, 5-4, 6-2

tablespace, A-15

tablespace name, 15-3

taking offline or online, A-15

unspecified for PCM locks, 9-7

validity, 15-13

DATAFILE option

table, 17-12

tablespace, A-15

DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS parameter, 9-18

GC_RELEASABLE_LOCKS, 15-14

DB_BLOCK_MAX_DIRTY_TARGET parameter, 22-12

DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter

DB_FILES parameter

DB_NAME parameter

DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS view, 6-8, 14-7

public rollback segments, 14-6

DBA_SEGMENTS view, 14-7

DBA_TABLES table, 16-9

DBMS_SPACE package, 17-15

DBMSUTIL.SQL script, 17-15

DBWR process, 5-5, 7-6

checkpoint, 21-8

cross-instance writes, 20-15

in parallel server, 5-2

DDL commands, 16-8

DDL lock, 7-5

deadlock detection, 8-11

deallocating unused space, 17-15

ded, xxi

dedicated server, 22-6

default instance, 18-16, 18-19

deferred rollback segment, A-16

DELAYED_LOGGING_BLOCK_CLEANOUTS parameter, 18-9, A-6, A-11

departmentalized applications, 2-8

DESCRIPTION_LIST feature, A-10

dictionary cache, 4-10, 4-14, 5-5, 6-6

dictionary cache lock, 10-5

DISABLE TABLE LOCK option, 16-9

DISABLE THREAD clause, 14-9

disabling the archive history, 14-4

disaster recovery, 22-19, 22-22

DISCONNECT command, 18-20

disconnecting from an instance, 18-19, 18-20

multiple sessions, 18-26

user process, 18-26

disjoint data

applications with, 1-19, 2-7

data files, 6-2

disk

access, 3-2, 3-3

affinity, 18-22

contention, 6-2, 6-10

I/O statistics, 19-3, 19-6

media failure, 22-2

reading blocks, 4-6

rollback segments, 6-10

striping, 20-13

writing blocks, 4-6, 9-9, 21-8

disk affinity, 4-9

distributed lock

memory area, 5-5

rollback segment, 6-9

Distributed Lock Manager, A-4

sequence, 6-6

total number, 6-6

DM, Database Mount, 10-5

DML lock, 7-3, 7-5

DML_LOCKS parameter, 7-6, 10-3, 18-9, 18-10

and performance, 16-9

ensuring IDLM lock capacity, 16-8

DROP TABLE command, 4-14

DROP TABLESPACE statement, A-15

dropping a database object

tablespace, 15-7, A-15

dropping a redo log file, A-15

log switch, 21-11

manual archiving, 14-9

restrictions, 14-9

DSS applications, 1-6, 1-15, 1-16, 1-23, 2-7, 3-3

dual ported controllers, 2-3

dynamic load balancing, 22-8

dynamic performance view

creating, 20-2

granting PUBLIC access, 20-4

dynamically allocating blocks, 11-17

E

ENABLE TABLE LOCK option, 16-9

END BACKUP option, 21-14

enqueue, 7-3

global, 7-4

in V$LOCK, 7-8

local, 7-4

OPS context, 7-5

enqueue locks

ENQUEUE_DEBUG_MULTI_INSTANCE parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-18

ENQUEUE_RESOURCES parameter

required for file operations, A-14, B-3

error message

parameter values, 18-14

rollback segment, 14-5

storage options, 17-6

exclusive mode, 8-8, 18-11

compatibility, B-2

database access, 1-18, 4-2

free lists, 17-6, 17-10

instance recovery, 21-8

MAXLOGHISTORY, 21-6

media recovery, 14-4

specifying instance number, 17-12

specifying thread number, 18-13

startup, 17-12, 18-11

switching archive log mode, 14-9

taking tablespace offline, A-15

EXCLUSIVE option, 18-12

exclusive PCM lock, 4-13

Export utility

and free lists, 11-12, A-17, B-4

backing up data, B-2

compatibility, B-2

EXT_TO_OBJ table, 15-13, 20-2

extent

allocating PCM locks, 11-15, 17-10

allocating to instance, 17-9, 17-12, 18-15

definition, 11-3

initial allocation, 17-11

not allocated to instance, 11-6, 11-16, 17-11

rollback segment, 6-8, 14-7

size, 6-8, 14-7, 17-10

specifying a file, 17-10

F

failover, 4-9, 16-3, 22-2, A-8

BASIC, 22-4

callback, 22-9

listeners, 22-5

METHOD, 22-4

multi-threaded server, 22-5

PRECONNECT, 22-4

TYPE, 22-4

FAILOVER_MODE, 22-7

failure

access to files, 22-13

ALERT file, 6-2

instance, 21-8

instance recovery, 22-13

media, 22-2, 22-16, A-19

MPP node, 3-9

node, 1-21, 21-8, 22-11

false pings, 9-17, 15-17

fault tolerance, 8-9

file

adding, A-15

ALERT, 6-2, 22-13

allocating extents, 17-10

archiving redo log, 4-7, 21-3, 21-4, 21-5

common parameter file, 18-5

control file, 6-2, 6-5, 21-6

datafile, 6-2

dropping, 14-9, 21-11, A-15

exported, B-2

maximum number, B-3

multiplexed, 21-6

number, absolute, 6-3

number, relative, 6-3

parameter, 18-3, 18-6

PFILE, 18-5, 18-7

redo log, 4-7, 6-3, 21-3, 21-5, 21-6, A-15

renaming, 14-9, 21-11, A-15

restricted operations, 21-11, A-14

size, 9-7, 21-9

used in recovery, 22-16

FILE_LOCK view, 9-22, 15-12, 20-2, A-6

FILE_PING view, 20-2

fine grain lock, 9-4, 9-7, 9-16, 9-18, 9-19, 9-20, 9-21

one lock element to one block, 9-16

specifying, 15-10

fine grain locking, 2-8, A-6

fixed hashed PCM lock, 9-4

fixed mode, lock element, 9-20

flexibility of parallel database, 1-17

foreground process

instance shutdown, 18-26

format, lock name, 7-8

free list, 11-15

and Export utility, 11-12, B-4

assigned to instance, 11-13

cluster, 17-7, A-17

concurrent inserts, 4-8, 11-14

in exclusive mode, 17-6, 17-10

index, 17-7

list groups, 11-12

number of lists, 17-6

partitioning, 11-13

partitioning data, 11-12, 18-15

PCM locks, 11-15, 17-10

transaction, 11-4

unused space, 17-15

free list group

assigned to instance, 11-13, 11-14

assigning to session, 17-9

definition, 11-5

enhanced for release 7.3, A-6

high performance feature, 4-8

setting !blocks, 15-9

unused space, 17-15

used space, 17-15

FREE_LIST_INST parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-17, A-18

FREE_LIST_PROC parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-17, A-18

FREED_EXTENTS, A-7

FREELIST GROUPS storage option, 17-6, 17-12, 18-13, 20-8

clustered tables, A-17

instance number, 11-15

FREELISTS parameter, 11-5

FREELISTS storage option, 17-6, 20-11

clustered tables, A-17

indexes, 17-7

maximum value, 17-6

FREEZE_DB_FOR_FAST_INSTANCE_RECOVERY parameter, 22-13, A-3

G

GC_DB_LOCKS parameter, A-3

adjusting after file operations, A-15

GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS parameter, 9-3, 9-4, 9-7, 9-13, 9-24, 14-10, 15-19, 15-20, 18-10

adding datafiles, 15-14

adjusting after file operations, 15-7, A-15

associating PCM locks with extents, 11-15, 17-10

default bucket, 15-8

evaluating, 20-15

fine grain examples, 15-10

guidelines, 15-10

hashed examples, 15-9

number of blocks per lock, 9-7

reducing false pings, 15-18

room for growth, 15-12

setting, 15-7

syntax, 15-8

GC_FREELIST_GROUPS parameter, A-3, A-6

GC_LATCHES parameter, A-2

GC_LCK_PROCS parameter, 9-13

GC_RELEASABLE_LOCKS parameter, 9-14, 15-19, 15-20, A-6

default, 15-14

GC_ROLLBACK_LOCKS parameter, 6-9, 9-14, 15-8, 15-15, 15-19, 15-20, 18-10

GC_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter, A-3

number of distributed locks, 6-9

GC_SAVE_ROLLBACK_LOCKS parameter, 6-9, A-3, A-16

GC_SEGMENTS parameter, A-3

GC_SORT_LOCKS parameter, A-18

GC_TABLESPACES parameter, A-3

global checkpoint, 21-8

global constant parameter, 18-10

and non-PCM locks, 4-10

control file, 6-2

description, 9-13

list of, 18-8

rollback segments, 6-9

same for all instances, 18-8, 18-10

global dynamic performance view, 18-23, 18-24, 20-3, A-4

GLOBAL hint, 20-3

global lock converts, 20-15

GLOBAL option

forcing a checkpoint, 18-17, 21-10

verifying access to files, 6-3

GMS, see Group Membership Services, 18-21

granted queue, 8-3, 8-5

group

free list, 11-12

MAXLOGFILES, 14-4

redo log files, 6-4, 14-4, 14-9

unique numbers, 6-5

V$LOGFILE, 6-5

Group Membership Services (GMS), 18-12, 18-13, 18-21, A-5

GROUP option, 21-4

group-based locking, 8-11, 8-12

growth, room for, 15-12

GV$ view, 18-24, 20-3, A-4

GV$BH view, 19-5, 20-4

GV$CACHE view, 19-5, 20-2, 20-4

GV$CLASS_PING view, 20-2, 20-4

GV$DLM_LOCKS view, 20-4

GV$FALSE_PING view, 20-4

GV$FILE_PING view, 20-2, 20-4

GV$LOCK_ELEMENT view, 20-4

GV$PARAMETER view, 18-24

GV$PING view, 19-5, 20-2, 20-4

H

hardware

free lists, 11-12, A-17

hash latch wait gets, 20-15

hashed PCM lock, 9-4, 9-16, 9-21, 9-22

creation, 9-4

introduction, 7-5

releasable, 9-4, 15-8, 15-10

specifying, 15-9

header

rollback segment, 14-7

segment, 11-14, 14-7

high speed interconnect, 12-2

high water mark, 11-17

definition, 11-3, 11-18

moving, 11-18, 11-19

high-speed bus, 3-6, 3-7

history, archive, 21-6, 22-18

horizontal partitioning, 2-12

HOST command, 18-18

host, IDLM, 9-9

I

I/O

and scalability, 2-3

disk contention, 4-6

interrupts, 2-5

minimizing, 1-19, 4-6, 4-10, 15-6

identifier, lock, 7-8

IDLM, 8-1

IDLM parameters, 18-11

IFILE parameter, 18-4

multiple files, 18-6

overriding values, 18-6

specifying identical parameters, 18-5

Import utility

Compatibility, B-2

free lists, A-17

restoring data, B-2

incremental checkpoint, 22-12

incremental growth, 17-11

index

contention, 19-6

creating, 17-7

data partitioning, 11-12, 15-5

FREELISTS option, 17-7

PCM locks, 15-5

INITIAL storage parameter

minimum value, 17-11

rollback segments, 6-8

initialization parameter

archiving, 21-3

CACHE_SIZE_THRESHOLD, 18-10

control of blocks, 9-13

control of PCM locks, 9-13

displaying values, 18-15, 18-20

duplicate values, 18-6

global constant, 6-2, 18-8

guidelines, 5-7

identical for all instances, 18-10

Integrated Distributed Lock Manager, 18-11

MAX_DEFAULT_PROPAGATION_DELAY, 18-10

obsolete, A-18

PARALLEL_DEFAULT_MAX_INSTANCES, 18-10

PARALLEL_DEFAULT_MAXSCANS, 18-10

planning LM capacity, 16-3, 16-8

using default value, 18-6

inserts

concurrent, 4-8, 11-14, 17-6

free lists, 11-14, 18-15

free space unavailable, 17-10

performance, 11-12

instance

adding instances, 14-4, 17-11, 23-2

associated with data block, 11-11

associated with data file, 17-11

associated with extent, 17-9

background processes, 4-10, 5-4, 5-5

changing current, 18-20

changing default, 18-19

checkpoint, 21-8

current, 18-19, 18-20, 21-10

failure, 21-8, 22-12

free list, 11-14, 17-10

instance number, 11-15, 17-12

maximum number, 6-8, 11-15, 14-4

number, 17-9

ownership of PCM locks, 9-6

parallel server characteristics, 5-2

recovery, 14-4, 18-26, 21-8, 22-11

remote, 18-5, 18-7, 18-19

rollback segment required, 6-8

startup order, 18-15

thread number, 6-3, 14-8, 18-13

instance group, 22-6

connection load balancing, 22-6

GV$ view queries, 20-3

specifying, 18-22

instance lock, 7-2

acquired by background process, 7-6

acquired by foreground process, 7-6

definition, 7-2, 7-4

types, 7-5

instance number, 11-13

INSTANCE option

allocating, 17-12

SET INSTANCE command, 17-9, 18-16

SHOW INSTANCE command, 18-19

instance recovery

abnormal shutdown, 18-26

access to files, 6-3, 22-13

global checkpoint, 21-10

multiple failures, 22-12

recovery time, 21-8

rollback segments, 6-8

starting another instance, 14-4

instance registration, A-7

INSTANCE_GROUPS parameter, 18-22

INSTANCE_ID column, 20-3

INSTANCE_NUMBER parameter, 17-9

and SQL options, 11-11

assigning free lists to instances, 11-13

exclusive or shared mode, 18-14

exclusive mode, 18-13

individual parameter files, 18-5

setting, 17-12

unique values for instances, 18-9, 18-15

unspecified, 18-14

INSTANCES keyword, 18-27

INSTANCES parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-18

Integrated Distributed Lock Manager

capacity for locks and resources, 16-2

configuring, 16-3

definition, 1-13, 8-2

distributed architecture, 8-9

failover requirements, 16-3

fault tolerant, 8-9

features, 8-9

group-based locking, 8-12

handling lock requests, 8-3

instance architecture, 5-2

internalized, A-4

LCKn process, 9-9

lock mastering, 8-10

minimizing use, 1-19, 4-10

non-PCM lock capacity, 7-6

queues, 8-2

recovery phases, 22-14

resource sharing, 9-9

Integrated DLM, 8-1

integrated operations, 1-6

interconnect, 3-3

and scalability, 2-3

high-speed, 1-11

INTERNAL option

instance shutdown, 18-26

inter-node communication, 1-11

iostat UNIX utility, 20-13

K

kcmgss reads scn without going to LM, 20-16

kcmgss waited for batching, 20-15

L

Lamport SCN generation, 4-8

LANGUAGE parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-18

latch, 7-3, 10-5

latency, 1-14, 1-16, 2-3, 2-12, 3-3

LCKn process, 5-5, 5-6, 9-6

definition, 7-6

description, 5-6

on multi-instance database, 1-19

role in recovery, 22-14

LGWR process, 5-5, 7-6

LM_LOCKS parameter, 15-19, 15-20, 16-2, 16-6, 18-10, 18-11, A-3

log switch, 21-9

library cache lock, 10-4

links, 5-7

LISTENER.ORA file, 22-6

LM_PROCS parameter, 18-10, 18-11, A-3

LM_RESS parameter, 15-19, 15-20, 16-2, 16-5, 18-10, 18-11, A-3

LMDn process, 5-5, A-4

definition, 7-7

LMON process, 5-5, A-4

definition, 7-7

load balancing, 12-5, 22-6, A-10

local instance

LOCAL option

forcing a checkpoint, 18-17, 21-10

verifying access to files, 6-3

LOCAL_LISTENERS parameter, 22-6

lock

boundary, 11-18

conversion, 8-5

cost of, 7-7

dictionary cache, 10-5

group-based, 8-11, 8-12

hashed, 7-5

identifier, 7-8

implementations, PCM, 7-5

instance, 7-2, 7-4

latch, 7-3

LCKn process, 5-6

library cache, 10-4

local, 7-3

mastering, 8-10, 19-8

mode compatibility, 9-12

mode, and buffer state, 9-10

mount lock, 7-3, 10-5

name format, 7-8

non-PCM, 7-4, 7-5

OPS exclusive mode, 7-3

OPS shared mode, 7-2

overview of locking mechanisms, 7-2

ownership by IDLM, 8-12

PCM lock, 9-3, 11-15, 17-10

process-owned, 8-12

request, handling by IDLM, 8-3

rollback segment, 6-9

row, 4-13, 10-3

transaction, 4-11, 7-2, 10-3

system change number, 10-4

table, 7-3, 7-5, 7-6, 10-3

types of, 7-3

lock activity, 20-5

monitoring and tuning, 20-7

lock contention

detecting, 19-3

pinpointing, 19-5

lock conversion, 20-5

detecting, 19-3

excessive rate, 19-7

lock element, 7-9

correspondence to locks, 9-15

creation, 9-20

free, 9-20

LRU list, 9-20

mode, 9-20

name, 9-16

lock value block, 10-4

log file

accessibility, 5-7

redo log file, 21-1

log history, 14-4, 21-6, 22-18

log sequence number, 21-5, 21-6

log switch, 6-5

adding or dropping files, 14-9

forcing, 21-9, 21-10, 21-11, 21-15, A-16

closed thread, 21-11

global, 21-15

LOG_ALLOCATION parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-16, A-18

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST parameter, 22-18, 22-19

specifying for recovery, 22-19

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT parameter, 18-9, 21-5, 22-19

same for all instances, 22-19

used in recovery, 22-19

LOG_ARCHIVE_START parameter

automatic archiving, 18-7, 21-3

creating a database, 14-2

LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL parameter, 21-9, 21-10

LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT parameter, 21-9, 21-10

inactive instance, 21-10

LOG_DEBUG_MULTI_INSTANCE parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-18

LOG_FILES parameter, 18-10

hardware architecture, 3-2, 3-8

logical database, 1-20

loosely coupled system

cache consistency, 3-9

characteristics, 3-6

disk access, 3-3

tightly coupled nodes, 3-6

LRU list

lock elements, 9-20

M

manual archiving, 21-3, 21-4

dropping a redo log file, 14-9

massively parallel system, 1-6, 11-15

application profile, 3-3

disk access, 3-3

hardware architecture, 3-9

master free list, 11-6

master node, 8-10

mastering, lock, 8-10, 19-8

MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY parameter, 4-8, 10-4, 18-9, 18-10

MAX_SORT_SIZE, A-7

MAXDATAFILES option, 14-10

MAXEXTENTS storage parameter

automatic allocations, 11-17, 17-11

preallocating extents, 17-13

MAXINSTANCES option, 11-15, 14-4

changing, 14-10

MAXINSTANCES parameter, 11-13, 23-4

assigning free lists to instances, 11-13, 11-15

conversion to multi-instance, 23-4, 23-6

MAXLOGFILES option, 14-4, 14-10

MAXLOGHISTORY option, 6-5, 14-4, 21-6

changing, 14-10

CREATE CONTROLFILE, 21-6

MAXLOGHISTORY parameter, 23-6

MAXLOGMEMBERS option, 14-4, 14-10

media failure, 22-2, 22-16, A-19

access to files, 6-2

automatic recovery, 21-6

recovery, A-19

media recovery, 22-16

incomplete, 22-17

log history, 14-4, 21-6, 22-18

O/S utilities, 22-17

member

MAXLOGMEMBERS, 14-4

memory

cache, 4-6

cached data, 4-6

distributed locks, 5-5

IDLM requirements, 8-11

SGA, 6-7

message

access to files, 6-2, 22-13

ALERT file, 6-2, 22-13

distributed lock manager, 9-9

instance shutdown, 18-26

parameter values, 6-2

messaging, in parallel processing, 1-14

migration

data migration, B-2

planning for future, 1-17

returning to exclusive mode, 17-10

MINEXTENTS storage parameter

automatic allocations, 11-17, 17-11, 17-13

default, 17-11

mode

archiving, 4-7, 14-2, 14-9, 21-3

database access, 4-2, 18-11, 18-14

incompatible, 8-3

lock compatibility, 9-12

lock element, 9-20

PCM lock, 4-13

modified data

modulo, 11-13, 11-14, 17-9, 17-11

updates, 5-5

MONITOR command

default instance in display screen, 18-18

specifying an instance, 18-20

MONITOR STATISTICS CACHE display, 20-16

MONITOR.SQL script, 20-4

mount lock, 7-3, 10-5, 18-21

MOUNT option, 18-12

MPP systems, 1-6

MTS_DISPATCHER parameter, 22-5

MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS parameter, A-2

MTS_MULTIPLE_LISTENERS parameter, A-2

MTS_SERVICE parameter, 22-5

multi-instance database

converting application, 23-3

definition, 1-19

reasons not to convert to, 23-2

reasons to convert to, 23-2

requirements, 23-3

multiple shared mode, 4-2, 10-5

multiple user handles, 22-9

multiplexed redo log files, 6-3

example, 6-4

total number of files, 14-4

multi-threaded server (MTS), 8-12

failover, 22-5

multiversion read consistency, 4-7

N

Net8

client-server configuration, 1-22

connect string, 18-19, 18-20

connecting with, 20-6

distributed database system, 1-20

for CONNECT, 18-16

for SET INSTANCE, 18-16

network usage, 19-3

NEXT storage parameter, 6-8, 21-4

NFS, 5-7, 23-4, 23-9

NLS_* parameters, 18-9

NOARCHIVELOG mode, 14-9

changing mode, 14-2, 14-9, B-3

creating a database, 14-2, 14-9

offline backups, 4-7

requiring offline backups, 21-3

node

adding, 17-11, 23-2

cache coherency, 4-10

definition, 1-2

failure, 1-16, 1-21, 21-8, 22-11

independent operation, 1-13

local, 18-5, 18-7

parallel backup, 21-12

parallel shutdown, 18-26

recovery time, 21-8

remote, 18-16, 18-19

single to cluster, 23-2

NOMOUNT option, 14-3, 22-20

non-fixed mode, lock element, 9-20

non-PCM lock

calculating, 16-5

dictionary cache lock, 10-5

DML lock, 10-3

enqueue, 7-4

IDLM capacity, 7-6

library cache lock, 10-4

mount lock, 10-5

overview, 10-2

relative number, 7-6

system change number, 10-4

table lock, 10-3

transaction lock, 10-3

types, 7-5

user control, 7-6

non-PCM resources, 16-4

NOORDER option, CREATE SEQUENCE, 6-7

NSTANCE_GROUPS parameter, 18-24

null lock mode, 4-13

number generator, 6-6

O

obsolete parameters, A-17, A-18

OCIStmtFetch, 22-10

OCITransRollback, 22-10

offline backup, 4-7, 21-1

parallel, 21-12

redo log files, 21-12

offline datafile, A-15

offline tablespace

deferred rollback segments, A-16

restrictions, 6-8, A-15

OGMS_HOME parameter, 18-21, A-2

ogmsctl command, 18-21

OLTP applications, 1-3, 1-6, 1-9, 1-15, 1-16, 2-8, 3-3

online backup, 4-7, 21-1

archiving log files, 21-15

supported operations, A-15

parallel, 21-12

procedure, 21-15

redo log files, 21-12

online datafile

online recovery, 6-3, 22-11, 22-13, 22-16, A-19

online redo log file

archive log mode, 14-9

archiving, 21-1, 21-6

checkpoint interval, 21-9

log switch, 21-6, 21-11

thread of redo, 6-3, 18-13

online transaction processing, 1-3

OPEN option, 18-12

operating system

exported files, B-2

Integrated Distributed Lock Manager, 9-9

privileges, 18-18

scalability, 2-5

OPS_ADMIN_GROUP parameter, 18-23, 20-3, A-3

OPS_FAILOVER clause, A-8

opsctl program, 18-21

Oracle

background processes, 5-5

backing up, 4-7, 21-1

compatibility, 17-10, B-3

configurations, 1-17

data dictionary, 6-6

datafile compatibility, 6-2

exclusive mode, 4-2, 18-12

free space unavailable, 17-10

instance recovery, 22-12

instances on MPP nodes, 3-9

migration, A-14

multi-instance, 7-4

obsolete parameters, A-18

performance features, 4-6

restrictions, 6-7, A-14, A-16

shared mode, 4-2

single-instance, 7-4

version on all nodes, 5-7

Oracle executable, 23-8

Oracle Parallel Server

Group Membership Services, 18-21

Oracle Parallel Server Management (OPSM), 18-2

oracle_pid, 11-13

ORDER option, 6-6, 6-7

overhead

parallel cache management, 4-10

P

parallel backup, 21-12

parallel cache management lock

minimizing number of, 12-2

null, 4-13

number of blocks per lock, 9-7

owned by instance LCK processes, 9-6

owned by multiple instances, 9-6

periodicity, 9-8

read, 4-13

relative number, 7-6

releasable hashed, 9-4, 15-8, 15-10

releasing, 4-13

sequence, 4-7

user control, 7-6

parallel database

and parallel query, 1-23

availability, 1-16

benefits, 1-16

definition, 1-7

parallel mode

file operation restrictions, A-14, A-16, B-3

recovery restrictions, A-19

sequence restrictions, 6-7, B-4

shutdown, 18-26

startup, 18-8

PARALLEL option, 18-12

parallel processing

benefits, 1-15

characteristics, 1-5

elements of, 1-8

for integrated operations, 1-6

for MPPs, 1-6

for SMPs, 1-6

hardware architecture, 3-1, 3-2

implementations, 3-2

messaging, 1-14

misconceptions about, 2-12

Oracle configurations, 1-17

types of workload, 1-15

when advantageous, 2-7

when not advantageous, 2-9

parallel processor affinity, A-11

parallel query

calculating overhead, 16-4, 16-5

limiting instances, 18-27

processor affinity, A-11

query processing, 1-2, 1-23, 2-6

scalability, 12-3

speedup and scaleup, 1-15

under Oracle Parallel Server, 1-23

parallel recovery, 22-16, 22-23, 22-24

Parallel Server

startup and shutdown, 18-13, 18-26

PARALLEL_DEFAULT_MAX_INSTANCES parameter, 18-10, 18-27

PARALLEL_DEFAULT_MAXSCANS parameter, 18-10

PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP parameter, 18-23

PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS parameter, 18-27, 22-23, 22-24

PARALLEL_SERVER parameter, 18-9, 18-12, 18-13, 18-14

parameter

controlling PCM locks, 9-13

database creation, 11-15, 14-4

obsolete, A-18

storage, 6-8, 17-6, 17-7, 17-10

parameter file, 18-3

backing up, 21-1

common file, 18-4, 18-5, 23-7

NFS access inadvisable, 23-9

duplicate values, 18-6

identical parameters, 18-6

PFILE, 18-5, 18-7, 23-6

remote instance, 18-5, 18-7, 18-19

partitioning

data, 12-7

of OLTP applications, 2-8

vertical, 2-11

partitioning data, 11-12

data files, 6-2, 17-11

free list, 18-15

free lists, 11-2, 11-15, 17-10

PCM locks, 11-15, 15-5, 15-6, 17-10

rollback segments, 6-8, 6-10

table data, 11-12, 11-15, 15-5, 17-10

PCM lock

adding datafiles, 15-14

allocating, 15-2

calculating, 15-19

checking for valid number, 15-12, 15-15

contention, 11-15, 15-5, 15-6, 17-10

conversion, 20-6

conversion time, 15-18

estimating number needed, 15-3

exclusive, 9-25

fixed fine grain, 9-4

fixed hashed, 9-4

mapping blocks to, 9-7, 11-15, 17-10

planning, 15-2

releasable fine grain, 9-3

releasable hashed, 9-4

sessions waiting, 15-18

set of files, 9-7

shared, 9-25, 15-5

specifying total number, 14-10

valid lock assignments, 15-13

worksheets, 15-4

PCM resources, 15-19

PCTFREE, 11-5, 19-7, 20-8

PCTINCREASE parameter

table extents, 17-10

PCTUSED, 11-5, 20-8

performance

and lock mastering, 8-10

application, 11-12

benefits of parallel database, 1-16

caching sequences, 6-7

fine grain locking, 9-20

inserts and updates, 11-12

monitoring, 20-1

Oracle8 features, 4-6

rollback segments, 6-9, 6-10

sequence numbers, 6-7

shared resource system, 1-17

tuning, 20-1

persistent resource, 8-3, 8-11

PFILE option, 18-5, 18-7

conversion to multi-instance, 23-6

ping rate, 15-17

ping/write ratio, 19-4

pinging, 9-9, 9-10, 15-16, 15-18

definition, 9-3, 20-9

detecting, 20-9

false, 9-17

tuning, 20-7

PL/SQL shared memory area, 5-5

PMON process, 5-5

POST_TRANSACTION option, 22-8

pre-allocating extent, 11-17

preconnect, 22-7

preface

Send Us Your Comments, xix

prime number, A-3

private rollback segment

acquisition, 6-8

creating, 14-5

individual parameter file, 18-4

specifying, 6-10

private thread, 14-8

privilege

ALTER SYSTEM, 21-10, 21-11

process free list

definition, 11-5

pinging of segment header, 11-6

PROCESSES parameter, 18-9

common parameter file, 18-4

processor affinity

parallel query, A-11

protected write mode, 8-8

public rollback segment

bringing online, 14-6

creating, 14-6

owner, 14-6

specifying, 14-6

using by default, 14-6

PUBLIC thread, 14-8

R

random access, 2-8

raw device, 23-4

read consistency

multiversion, 4-7

rollback information, 6-8

read lock mode, 4-13

read-only access, 4-7, 4-13

applications, 2-7

RECOVER command, 18-18, 22-16, 22-22, 22-24

read PCM lock, 4-13

read-only tables, 12-3

RECO process, 1-20, 5-5

RECOVER DATABASE statement, 22-16, 22-17

RECOVER DATAFILE statement, 22-16, 22-17

RECOVER TABLESPACE statement, 22-16, 22-17

recovery, 22-1

access to files, 6-2, 6-3, 22-13

after SHUTDOWN ABORT, 18-26

archive history, 14-4

automatic, 21-6

conversion to multi-instance, 23-9

deferred transaction, A-9

definition, 22-2

detection of error, 19-8

disaster, 22-19, 22-22

FREEZE_DB_FOR_INSTANCE_RECOVERY, 22-13

from an offline backup, 22-19

from an online backup, 22-19

from multiple node failure, 22-12

from single-node failure, 22-11

global checkpoint, 21-10

incomplete media, 22-17

instance, 14-4, 18-26, 21-8, 22-11

instance failure, 22-2

instance recovery, 22-1

LCKn process, 7-6

log history, 21-6, 22-18

media failure, 6-2, 21-6, 21-10, 22-15, 22-16, A-19

online, 22-11

parallel, 22-23, 22-24

PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS parameter, 22-23, 22-24

phases, 22-14

Recovery Manager, 22-17

recovery time, 21-8, 21-10

restrictions, A-19

rolling back, 6-8

setting parallelism, 22-23, 22-24

starting another instance, 14-4

using redo log, 21-12

Recovery Manager, 22-15

archive log backup, 21-7

disaster recovery, 22-19

incomplete media recovery, 22-17

media recovery, 22-17

RECOVERY_PARALLELISM parameter, 18-9, 22-2, 22-23, 22-24

redo log

archiving mode, 21-3

block, 21-9

archiving, 4-7, 14-9, 21-1, 21-3, 21-11

redo log file

backup, 21-12

dropping, 21-11, A-15

identified in control file, 6-5

releasable freelist waits, 15-14

log sequence number, 21-5

multiplexed, 21-6

overwriting, 4-7, 21-3

renaming, 21-11, A-15

size, 21-9

thread of redo, 6-3

redo thread, 21-4

relative file number, 6-3

releasable hashed PCM lock, 9-4, 15-8, 15-10

remote databases, 1-20

remote I/O, 2-3

remote instance, 18-5, 18-7, 18-19

remote instance undo requests, 20-15

remote instance undo writes, 20-15

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE parameter, 18-25

renaming a file

log switch, 21-11

redo log file, A-15

RENAME FILE option, A-15

replicated systems, 23-2

resource

database, 4-10

operating system, 18-8

persistent, 8-3, 8-11

releasing, 22-11

response time, 1-11

RESTORE DATABASE statement, 22-17

RESTORE DATAFILE statement, 22-17

RESTORE TABLESPACE statement, 22-17

restrictions

cached sequence, 6-7

changing the redo log, 14-9

deferred rollback segments, A-16

file operations, A-14, A-16, B-3

offline tablespace, 6-8, A-15

recovery, A-19

RETRY option, 18-14

STARTUP PARALLEL command, 18-14

rollback segment, 14-5

contention, 6-8, 6-9, 14-5

deferred, 6-9, A-16

description, 6-8

distributed locks, 6-9

global constant parameters, 6-9

ID number, 14-5, 14-7

monitoring contention for, 20-12

multiple, 6-8, 14-5, 18-14

public vs. private, 6-10, 14-6, 18-4

specifying, 14-5

SYSTEM, 6-8

tablespace, 6-8, 14-5, 14-7

rollback segment tablespace, 23-9

ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter, 6-9, 6-10, 6-11, 18-9, 18-10

private and public segments, 14-5, 14-6

rolling back

routing, data dependent, 19-6

rollback segments, 6-8

row locks, 4-13

routing, data-dependent, 12-7

independent of PCM locks, 4-13

row level locking, 7-2

DML locks, 10-3

resource sharing system, 4-7, 5-4

ROW_CACHE_MULTI_INSTANCE parameter (Oracle Version 6), A-18

ROW_LOCKING parameter, 18-10

S

SC, System Change Number, 10-4

scalability

application, 2-2, 2-6, 2-12

database, 2-6

definition, 1-10

determinants, 1-16

disk input and output, 2-3

enhancement for release 7.3, A-8

four levels of, 2-2

hardware, 2-3

network, 2-6

operating system, 2-5

potential, 1-15

relative, 2-8

shared memory system, 2-5

SCN, 4-5

SCSI, 3-3

SDUSIZE parameter, 22-5

segment

definition, 11-3

header block, 11-14, 14-7

header contention, 11-6, 19-6

ID number, 14-5, 14-7

name, 14-7

rollback segment, 6-8

size, 14-7

segment header, 7-9

contention, 11-6

Send Us Your Comments

boilerplate, xix

sequence

data dictionary cache, 4-7, 6-7

log sequence number, 21-5, 21-6

not cached, 6-7, B-4

timestamp, 6-7

SEQUENCE number, 20-9

sequence number generator

application scalability, 2-6

contention, 2-9

distributed locks, 6-6

LM locks, 4-7

on parallel server, 6-6

restriction, 6-7, B-4

skipping sequence numbers, 6-7

SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES parameter, 6-7

sequential processing, 1-2, 1-4

SERIALIZABLE parameter, 18-10

Server Manager

privileged commands, 18-18

session

multiple, 18-6, 18-20, 18-26

waiting for PCM lock conversion, 15-18

SESSIONS parameter

SET INSTANCE command, 18-5, 18-17, 18-19

instance startup, 18-5, 18-19

requires Net8, 18-16

SET UNTIL command, 22-19

shared disk system

advantages, 3-7

implementations, 3-3

scalability, 2-3

with shared nothing system, 3-10

shared exclusive mode, 8-8

shared memory system

shared mode

file operation restrictions, A-15

instance number, 18-14

recovery restrictions, 22-16

startup, 18-14

shared nothing system

advantages, 3-9

disadvantages, 3-10

disk access, 3-2

massively parallel systems, 3-9

overview, 3-8

scalability, 2-3

with shared disk system, 3-10

SHARED option, 18-12

shared PL/SQL area, 5-5

shared resource system, 17-11

shared SQL area, 5-5, 12-7

SHOW INSTANCE command, 18-18, 18-19

SHOW PARAMETERS command, 18-18, 18-20

instance number, 18-15

SHOW SGA command, 18-18, 18-20

SHUTDOWN command, 18-26

ABORT option, 18-26

IMMEDIATE option, 18-26, 21-9

specifying an instance, 18-19

SHUTDOWN NORMAL, 22-8

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL, 22-8

shutting down an instance, 18-26

abnormal shutdown, 18-26

archiving redo log files, 21-10

changing startup order, 18-15

forcing a log switch, 21-10

lost sequence numbers, 6-7

unarchived log files, 21-4

single instance database, 1-18

single shared mode, 4-2, 10-5

SINGLE_PROCESS parameter, 18-14

SIZE option

allocating extents, 17-12

SMON process, 5-6

instance recovery, 22-11, 22-12

recovery after SHUTDOWN ABORT, 18-26

transaction recovery, A-10

SMP, 1-18

sort enhancements, A-7

SORT MERGE JOIN, 12-4

sort space, A-7

SORT_DIRECT_WRITES parameter, A-10

space

allocating extents, 17-11

deallocating unused, 17-15

determining unused, 17-15

free blocks, 11-2, 11-16

free list, 11-2

not allocated to instance, 11-6, 17-11

SGA, 18-20

sources of free blocks, 11-6

unavailable in exclusive mode, 17-10

specialized servers, 1-6

speed-down, 1-9, 1-16

speedup

definition, 1-8

with batch processing, 1-16

SQL area, shared, 12-7

SQL statement

instance-specific, 18-17

restrictions, B-3

starting up

after file operations, 15-7, A-15

creating database and, 14-3

during instance recovery, 14-4

exclusive mode, 17-12, 18-11

global constant parameters, 6-9, 18-8

LCKn process, 7-6

remote instance, 18-5, 18-6, 18-7, 18-19

rollback segments, 6-8, 14-5

shared mode, 18-14, A-15

startup order, 18-15

verifying access to files, 6-2

STARTUP command, 14-3, 18-5, 18-12

MOUNT option, 22-22

OPEN option, 18-12

PFILE option, 18-5, 18-7

specifying an instance, 18-19

statistics

display system, 20-14

frequency of PCM lock conversion, 20-5

lock conversions, 20-9

tuning, 19-2

V$FILESTAT view, 20-13

V$SESSTAT and V$SYSSTAT, 20-15

storage options

clustered tables, 17-6, A-17

extent size, 6-8, 17-10, 17-11, 17-12, 17-13

index, 17-7

rollback segment, 6-8

table, 17-6

stored procedures, 7-7

striping, disk, 20-13

sub-shared exclusive mode, 8-8

sub-shared mode, 8-8

switch archiving mode, 14-2, 14-9, B-3

symmetric multiprocessor, 2-5, 3-3, 3-4

configuration, 1-18

in loosely coupled system, 3-6

parallel processing, 1-6

synchronization

cost of, 1-12, 1-19, 2-9, 2-11, 2-12

minimizing, 13-2

non-PCM, 4-14

overhead, 1-11

SYSDBA, 18-12, 18-20, 18-26, 20-4, 21-11

SYSOPER, 18-12, 18-20, 18-26, 21-11

system change number (SCN), 10-4

archive file format, 21-5

archiving redo log files, 21-4

incrementation, 4-5

Lamport, 4-7

non-PCM lock, 7-5

redo log history, 21-6

System Global Area (SGA)

in parallel server, 5-5

SHOW SGA command, 18-20

statistics, 18-20

SYSTEM rollback segment, 6-8

SYSTEM tablespace, 14-5

system-specific Oracle documentation

archived redo log name, 21-5

client-server processing, 1-22

connecting with Net8, 20-6

datafiles, maximum number, B-3

free list overhead, 11-5

instance number range, 17-11

load balancing, 22-6

MAXLOGHISTORY default, 21-6

Net8 connect string, 14-7, 18-16

recovery process allocation, 22-24

redo log archive destination, 21-5

redo log archive format, 21-5

supported Oracle configurations, 1-17

system change number (SCN), 4-5

system change number, Lamport, 4-8

T

table

access pattern, 12-3

allocating extents, 11-11, 17-12

cluster, 17-7

contention, 6-8, 17-11

free space unavailable, 17-10

initial storage, 11-16, 17-11

lock, 7-3, 7-6

multiple files, 11-12, 17-11

PCM locks, 11-15, 17-10

TABLE_LOCK column, 16-9

tablespace

active rollback segments, 6-8

backup, 4-7, 21-1, 21-9

online rollback segments, 14-5, 14-7

parallel backup, 21-12

parallel recovery, 22-16

read-only, 15-13

recovery, 22-16, A-19

rollback segment, 6-8, 14-5, 14-7

SYSTEM, 14-5

tables, 6-8

taking offline, 6-8, A-15, A-16

thread

archive file format, 21-5

archiving redo log files, 21-4, 21-10, 21-11

associated with an instance, 14-8

closed, 21-15

disabled, 14-9

enabled, 21-6, 21-15, 22-18

example, 6-3

exclusive mode, 18-13

forced log switch, 21-10

number of groups, 6-4, 14-5

open, 21-6, 21-15

public, 14-8

single, 4-8

THREAD option, 18-17, 21-4, 21-11

creating private thread, 6-3

creating public thread, 6-3

disabling a thread, 14-9

when required, 14-8

THREAD parameter, 14-8, 18-9

individual parameter files, 18-5

instance acquiring thread, 6-3

tightly coupled system

hardware architecture, 3-4, 3-6

implementations, 3-2

in loosely coupled cluster, 3-6

performance, 3-4

TM, DML Enqueue, 10-3

TNSNAMES.ORA file, 22-4

TP monitor, A-8

trace file

conversion to multi-instance, 23-4

transaction

aborted, 6-8

committed data, 4-7, 21-10

concurrent, 4-7, 4-10, 5-4

inserts, 4-8, 11-2

instance failure, 22-11

isolation, 4-13

lock, 4-11, 7-2, 7-4, 7-5

offline tablespace, 6-9, A-16

recovery, A-9

rollback segments, 6-9, A-16

rolling back, 6-8, 22-11

row locking, 4-7, 4-13

sequence numbers, 6-6

updates, 4-7, 11-2

waiting for recovery, 22-11

transaction free list, 11-4

transaction lock, 7-6, 10-3

transaction processing monitor, 12-8

TRANSACTIONAL option

SHUTDOWN, 22-8

TRANSACTIONS parameter, 6-11