SQL*Plus User's Guide and Reference

COPY

Purpose

Copies the data from a query to a table in a local or remote database .

Syntax

COPY {FROM username[/password]@database_specification| TO username[/password]@database_specification| FROM username[/password]@database_specification TO username[/password]@database_specification} {APPEND|CREATE|INSERT|REPLACE} destination_table [(column, column, column ...)] USING query

Terms and Clauses

Refer to the following list for a description of each term or clause:

username[/password] Represent the Oracle username/password you wish to COPY FROM and TO. In the FROM clause, username/password identifies the source of the data; in the TO clause, username/password identifies the destination. If you do not specify password in either the FROM clause or the TO clause, SQL*Plus will prompt you for it. SQL*Plus suppresses the display of your response to these prompts.
database_specification Consists of a SQL*Net connection string. You must include a database_specification clause in the COPY command. In the FROM clause, database_specification represents the database at the source; in the TO clause, database_specification represents the database at the destination. The exact syntax depends upon the SQL*Net communications protocol your Oracle installation uses. For more information, refer to the SQL*Net manual appropriate for your protocol or contact your DBA.
destination_table Represents the table you wish to create or to which you wish to add data.
(column, column, column, ...) Specifies the names of the columns in destination_table. You must enclose a name in double quotes if it contains lowercase letters or blanks.
If you specify columns, the number of columns must equal the number of columns selected by the query. If you do not specify any columns, the copied columns will have the same names in the destination table as they had in the source if COPY creates destination_table.
USING query Specifies a SQL query (SELECT command) determining which rows and columns COPY copies.
FROM username[/password]@database_specification Specifies the username, password, and database that contains the data to be copied. If you omit the FROM clause, the source defaults to the database to which SQL*Plus is connected (that is, the database that other commands address). You must include a FROM clause to specify a source database other than the default.
TO username[/password]@database_specification Specifies the database containing the destination table. If you omit the TO clause, the destination defaults to the database to which SQL*Plus is connected (that is, the database that other commands address). You must include a TO clause to specify a destination database other than the default.
APPEND Inserts the rows from query into destination_table if the table exists. If destination_table does not exist, COPY creates it.
CREATE Inserts the rows from query into destination_table after first creating the table. If destination_table already exists, COPY returns an error.
INSERT Inserts the rows from query into destination_table. If destination_table does not exist, COPY returns an error. When using INSERT, the USING query must select one column for each column in the destination_table.
REPLACE Replaces destination_table and its contents with the rows from query. If destination_table does not exist, COPY creates it. Otherwise, COPY drops the existing table and replaces it with a table containing the copied data.

Usage Notes

To enable the copying of data between Oracle and non-Oracle databases, NUMBER columns are changed to DECIMAL columns in the destination table. Hence, if you are copying between Oracle databases, a NUMBER column with no precision will be changed to a DECIMAL(38) column. When copying between Oracle databases, you should use SQL commands (CREATE TABLE AS and INSERT) or you should ensure that your columns have a precision specified.

The SQL*Plus SET variable LONG limits the length of LONG columns that you copy. If any LONG columns contain data longer than the value of LONG, COPY truncates the data.

SQL*Plus performs a commit at the end of each successful COPY. If you set the SQL*Plus SET variable COPYCOMMIT to a positive value n, SQL*Plus performs a commit after copying every n batches of records. The SQL*Plus SET variable ARRAYSIZE determines the size of a batch.

Some operating environments require that database specifications be placed in double quotes.

Examples

The following command copies the entire EMP table to a table named WESTEMP. Note that the tables are located in two different databases. If WESTEMP already exists, SQL*Plus replaces the table and its contents. The columns in WESTEMP have the same names as the columns in the source table, EMP.

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@HQ TO JOHN/CHROME@WEST -
> REPLACE WESTEMP -
> USING SELECT * FROM EMP

The following command copies selected records from EMP to the database to which SQL*Plus is connected. SQL*Plus creates SALESMEN through the copy. SQL*Plus copies only the columns EMPNO and ENAME, and at the destination names them EMPNO and SALESMAN.

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@HQ -
> CREATE SALESMEN (EMPNO,SALESMAN) -
> USING SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM EMP -
> WHERE JOB='SALESMAN'

`username`[/password]	Represent the Oracle username/password you wish to COPY FROM and TO. In the FROM clause, username/password identifies the source of the data; in the TO clause, username/password identifies the destination. If you do not specify password in either the FROM clause or the TO clause, SQLPlus will prompt you for it. SQLPlus suppresses the display of your response to these prompts.
`database_specification`	Consists of a SQLNet connection string. You must include a database_specification* clause in the COPY command. In the FROM clause, database_specification represents the database at the source; in the TO clause, database_specification represents the database at the destination. The exact syntax depends upon the SQLNet communications protocol your Oracle installation uses. For more information, refer to the SQLNet manual appropriate for your protocol or contact your DBA.
`destination_table`	Represents the table you wish to create or to which you wish to add data.
`(column, column, column, ...)`	Specifies the names of the columns in destination_table. You must enclose a name in double quotes if it contains lowercase letters or blanks.
	If you specify columns, the number of columns must equal the number of columns selected by the query. If you do not specify any columns, the copied columns will have the same names in the destination table as they had in the source if COPY creates destination_table.
`USING query`	Specifies a SQL query (SELECT command) determining which rows and columns COPY copies.
`FROM username[/password]@database_specification`	Specifies the username, password, and database that contains the data to be copied. If you omit the FROM clause, the source defaults to the database to which SQL*Plus is connected (that is, the database that other commands address). You must include a FROM clause to specify a source database other than the default.
`TO username[/password]@database_specification`	Specifies the database containing the destination table. If you omit the TO clause, the destination defaults to the database to which SQL*Plus is connected (that is, the database that other commands address). You must include a TO clause to specify a destination database other than the default.
`APPEND`	Inserts the rows from query into destination_table if the table exists. If destination_table does not exist, COPY creates it.
`CREATE`	Inserts the rows from query into destination_table after first creating the table. If destination_table already exists, COPY returns an error.
`INSERT`	Inserts the rows from query into destination_table. If destination_table does not exist, COPY returns an error. When using INSERT, the USING query must select one column for each column in the destination_table.
`REPLACE`	Replaces destination_table and its contents with the rows from query. If destination_table does not exist, COPY creates it. Otherwise, COPY drops the existing table and replaces it with a table containing the copied data.