A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. President France-Albert RENE, who had served since 1977, was re-elected in 2001, but stepped down in 2004. Vice President James MICHEL took over the presidency and in July 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in May 2011.

archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar

2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs

fish, copra, cinnamon trees

lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts

water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater

41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands

mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab

Creole 91.8%, English (official) 4.9%, other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)

Roman Catholic 82.3%, Protestant 7.5% (Anglican 6.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.1%), other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)

90,024 (July 2012 est.)

15.1 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

6.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

1.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

VICTORIA (capital) 26,000 (2009)

1.9 children born/woman (2012 est.)

1.51 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

3.94 beds/1,000 population (2009)

23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe), Grand' Anse (on Praslin), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe La Rue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka

29 June 1976 (from the UK)

Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)

mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

18 years of age; universal

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats; 25 members elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members to serve five-year terms)

Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW]; New Democratic Party or NDP; People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France Albert RENE]; Popular Democratic Movement or PDM; Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)

Roman Catholic Church

ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles

five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side; the oblique bands are meant to symbolize a dynamic new country moving into the future; blue represents sky and sea, yellow the sun giving light and life, red the peoples' determination to work for the future in unity and love, white social justice and harmony, green the land and natural environment

since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the upper-middle income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. In July 2008 the government defaulted on a Euro amortizing note worth roughly US$80 million, leading to a downgrading of Seychelles credit rating. In an effort to obtain loans to service its debt, Seychelles in November 2008 signed a standby arrangement with the IMF that mandated floating the exchange rate, removing foreign exchange controls, cutting government spending, and tightening monetary policy. In response to Seychelles' successful implementation of these policies, the IMF upgraded Seychelles to a three-year extended fund facility (EFF) of $31 million in December 2009. In 2008, GDP fell more than 1% due to declining tourism and the initial effects of liberalization, but the economy recovered in 2010-11 after the reforms took hold and tourism increased. Growth slowed again in 2012 with flagging tourism from Russia and the United Arab Emirates. Seychelles is attempting to implement further structural reforms, including overhauling the tax system, reorganizing of state enterprises, and deregulating the finance and communications sectors.

$2.41 billion (2012 est.)

$2.339 billion (2011 est.)

$2.226 billion (2010 est.)

$971 million (2012 est.)

41.7% of GDP (2012 est.)

40.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

1.5% of GDP (2012 est.)

39.3% of GDP (2012 est.)

44.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

11.17% (31 December 2010 est.)

NA% (31 December 2009 est.)

11.6% (31 December 2012 est.)

11.19% (31 December 2011 est.)

$325.7 million (31 December 2012 est.)

$302.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

$553.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)

$598.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)

$457.5 million (31 December 2012 est.)

$422.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), copra, bananas; poultry; tuna

-$179.8 million (2012 est.)

-$211.1 million (2011 est.)

$501.8 million (2012 est.)

$495.1 million (2011 est.)

canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)

France 26.5%, UK 21%, Japan 11%, Italy 10% (2011)

$890.8 million (2012 est.)

$877.1 million (2011 est.)

machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods

Saudi Arabia 23.9%, Spain 8.3%, France 5.8%, South Africa 5%, Singapore 4.1% (2011)

$272.8 million (31 December 2012 est.)

$252.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

$1.453 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

$1.475 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar -

245 million kWh (2009 est.)

227.9 million kWh (2009 est.)

95,000 kW (2009 est.)

100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0 bbl/day (2011 est.)

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

7,793 bbl/day (2011 est.)

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

6,923 bbl/day (2008 est.)

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

1.245 million Mt (2010 est.)

the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria (2007)

Seychelles Defense Force: Army, Coast Guard (includes Naval Wing, Air Wing), National Guard (2005)

18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription (2012)

2% of GDP (2006 est.)

Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)