Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.

Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela

12 30 N, 69 58 W

Central America and the Caribbean

slightly larger than Washington, DC

0 km

68.5 km

tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

flat with a few hills; scant vegetation

NEGL; white sandy beaches

NA (1998 est.)

hurricanes; lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened

NA

a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)

mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%, other 20%

Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 66.3%, Spanish 12.6%, English (widely spoken) 7.7%, Dutch (official) 5.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified or unknown 5.3% (2000 census)

Roman Catholic 80.8%, Protestant 7.8% (Evangelist 4.1%, Methodist 1.2%, other Protestant 2.5%), Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%, Jewish 0.2%, other 5.1%, none or unspecified 4.6%

107,635 (July 2012 est.)

1.413% (2012 est.)

12.76 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

7.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

9.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

ORANJESTAD (capital) 33,000 (2009)

1.84 children born/woman (2012 est.)

NA

NA

NA

5% of GDP (2008)

constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

parliamentary democracy

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Flag Day, 18 March (1976)

1 January 1986

civil law system based on the Dutch civil code

18 years of age; universal

unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

Common Court of Justice, Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)

Aliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]; Aruban Liberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban Patriotic Movement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA [Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Mike EMAN]; People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]; RED [Rudy LAMPE]; Workers Political Platform or PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]

Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU

none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - Mr. Henry BAARH, Minister Plenipotentiary for Aruba at the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

the US does not have an embassy in Aruba; the Consul General to Curacao is accredited to Aruba

blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner; the star represents Aruba and its red soil and white beaches, its four points the four major languages (Papiamento, Dutch, Spanish, English) as well as the four points of a compass, to indicate that its inhabitants come from all over the world; the blue symbolizes Caribbean waters and skies; the stripes represent the island's two main "industries": the flow of tourists to the sun-drenched beaches and the flow of minerals from the earth

Tourism and offshore banking are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy. Oil refining and storage ended in 2009. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Over 1.5 million tourists per year visit Aruba with 75% of those from the US. Construction continues to boom with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. Tourist arrivals rebounded strongly following a dip after the 11 September 2001 attacks. The government has made cutting the budget and trade deficits a high priority.

$2.258 billion (2005 est.)

$2.205 billion (2004 est.)

$2.258 billion (2005 est.)

2.4% (2005 est.)

$21,800 (2004 est.)

41,500 (2004 est.)

6.9% (2005 est.)

NA%

25.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

-7.4% of GDP (2012 est.)

46.3% of GDP (2005)

2.3% (2012 est.)

4.4% (2011 est.)

1% (31 December 2010 est.)

3% (31 December 2009 est.)

10.4% (31 December 2012 est.)

9% (31 December 2011 est.)

$868.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)

$868.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)

$1.765 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$1.762 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

$1.448 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$1.42 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

aloes; livestock; fish

NA%

$2.758 billion (2012 est.)

$5.179 billion (2011 est.)

live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment

Colombia 40.8%, Venezuela 20.5%, Netherlands Antilles 15.6%, US 8.9%, Netherlands 4.5% (2011)

$3.476 billion (2012 est.)

$5.892 billion (2011 est.)

machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs

US 50.6%, Netherlands 11.6%, UK 4.7% (2011)

$478.6 million (2005 est.)

Aruban guilders/florins (AWG) per US dollar -

1.79 (2012 est.)

1.79 (2011 est.)

1.79 (2010 est.)

calendar year

880 million kWh (2009 est.)

818.4 million kWh (2009 est.)

0 kWh (2010 est.)

0 kWh (2010 est.)

266,000 kW (2009 est.)

88.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

11.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

0 bbl/day (2011 est.)

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

227,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)

205,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)

5,661 bbl/day (2011 est.)

205,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)

6,646 bbl/day (2008 est.)

1 cu m (2010 est.)

1 cu m (2010 est.)

1 cu m (2010 est.)

1 cu m (2010 est.)

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

1.241 million Mt (2010 est.)

35,000 (2010)

131,800 (2010)

2 commercial TV stations; cable TV subscription service provides access to foreign channels; about 20 commercial radio stations broadcast (2007)

.aw

40,560 (2012)

24,000 (2009)

1 (2012)

Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas

no regular military forces (2011)

Defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands. The Aruba security services focus on organized crime and terrorism (2011)

none

transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity; relatively high percentage of population consumes cocaine