|
|
The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. In April 2009, Croatia joined NATO; it is a candidate for eventual EU accession.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
|
|
|
|
|
45 10 N, 15 30 E
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
total: 56,594 sq km
country comparison to the world: 126
land:
55,974 sq km
water:
620 sq km
|
|
|
|
|
slightly smaller than West Virginia
|
|
|
|
|
total: 1,982 km
border countries:
Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia 241 km, Montenegro 25 km, Slovenia 455 km
|
|
|
|
|
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
|
|
|
|
|
territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|
|
|
|
|
Current Weather
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
|
|
|
|
|
geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
|
|
|
|
|
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Dinara 1,830 m
|
|
|
|
|
oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
|
|
|
|
|
arable land: 25.82%
permanent crops:
2.19%
other:
71.99% (2005)
|
|
|
|
|
110 sq km (2003)
|
|
|
|
|
105.5 cu km (1998)
|
|
|
|
|
destructive earthquakes
|
|
|
|
|
air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
|
|
|
|
|
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
|
|
|
|
|
controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,486,881 (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
|
|
|
|
|
0-14 years: 15.3% (male 353,157/female 334,817)
15-64 years:
67.8% (male 1,511,931/female 1,529,830)
65 years and over:
16.9% (male 295,279/female 461,867) (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
total: 41.2 years
male:
39.3 years
female:
43 years (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
-0.061% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 206
|
|
|
|
|
9.63 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
|
|
|
|
|
11.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
|
|
|
|
|
1.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
|
|
|
|
|
urban population: 57% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
0.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
at birth: 1.055 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.64 male(s)/female
total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
total: 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 178
male:
6.33 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
total population: 75.58 years
country comparison to the world: 80
male:
71.95 years
female:
79.4 years (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
|
|
|
|
|
less than 0.1% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
|
|
|
|
|
200 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
|
|
|
|
|
fewer than 10 (2001 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
|
|
|
|
|
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases:
tickborne encephalitis
note:
highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds
(2009)
|
|
|
|
|
noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
adjective:
Croatian
|
|
|
|
|
Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
|
|
|
|
|
Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
|
|
|
|
|
Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census)
|
|
|
|
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
98.1%
male:
99.3%
female:
97.1% (2001 census)
|
|
|
|
|
total: 14 years
male:
13 years
female:
14 years (2006)
|
|
|
|
|
4.5% of GDP (2004)
country comparison to the world: 88
|
|
|
|
|
|
conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
conventional short form:
Croatia
local long form:
Republika Hrvatska
local short form:
Hrvatska
former:
People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
|
|
|
|
|
presidential/parliamentary democracy
|
|
|
|
|
name: Zagreb
geographic coordinates:
45 48 N, 16 00 E
time difference:
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|
|
|
|
|
20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular); Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, Brodsko-Posavska, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka, Krapinsko-Zagorska, Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska, Osjecko-Baranjska, Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska, Sibensko-Kninska, Sisacko-Moslavacka, Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska, Viroviticko-Podravska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska, Zadarska, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka
|
|
|
|
|
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
|
|
|
|
|
Independence Day, 8 October (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, Parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
|
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
|
|
|
|
|
based on Austro-Hungarian law system with Communist law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|
|
|
|
|
18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal
|
|
|
|
|
chief of state: President Ivo JOSIPOVIC (since 18 February 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jadranka KOSOR (since 6 July 2009); Deputy Prime Ministers Bozidar PANKRETIC (since 6 July 2009), Darko MILINOVIC (since 13 November 2009), Ivan SUKER (since 13 November 2009), Djurdja ADLESIC (since 12 January 2008), Slobodan UZELAC (since 12 January 2008)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the parliamentary assembly
(For more information visit the World Leaders website  )
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2015); the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and then approved by the assembly
election results:
Ivo JOSIPOVIC elected president; percent of vote in the second round - Ivo JOSIPOVIC 60%, Milan BANDIC 40%
|
|
|
|
|
unicameral Assembly or Sabor (153 seats; members elected from party lists by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections:
last held on 25 November 2007 (next to be held by November 2011)
election results:
percent of vote by party - NA; number of seats by party - HDZ 66, SDP 57, HNS 6, HSS 6, HDSSB 3, IDS 3, SDSS 3, other 9
|
|
|
|
|
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly
|
|
|
|
|
Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Jadranka KOSOR]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Radimir CACIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]
|
|
|
|
|
other: human rights groups
|
|
|
|
|
ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|
|
|
|
|
chief of mission: Ambassador Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC
chancery:
2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 588-5899
FAX:
[1] (202) 588-8936
consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
|
|
|
|
|
chief of mission: Ambassador James B. FOLEY
embassy:
2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb
mailing address:
use street address
telephone:
[385] (1) 661-2200
FAX:
[385] (1) 661-2373
|
|
|
|
|
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slavic colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions, they are (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once one of the wealthiest of the Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war as output collapsed and the country missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve slowly, with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6% led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period has remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. Nevertheless, difficult problems still remain, including a stubbornly high unemployment rate, a growing trade deficit and uneven regional development. The state retains a large role in the economy, as privatization efforts often meet stiff public and political resistance. While macroeconomic stabilization has largely been achieved, structural reforms lag because of deep resistance on the part of the public and lack of strong support from politicians. The EU accession process should accelerate fiscal and structural reform. While long term growth prospects for the economy remain strong, Croatia will face significant pressure as a result of the global financial crisis. Croatia's high foreign debt, anemic export sector, strained state budget, and over-reliance on tourism revenue will result in higher risk to economic stability over the medium term.
|
|
|
|
|
$79.21 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
$83.55 billion (2008 est.)
$81.6 billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
|
|
|
|
|
$62.45 billion (2009 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
-5.2% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 192
2.4% (2008 est.)
5.5% (2007 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$17,600 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
$18,600 (2008 est.)
$18,200 (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
|
|
|
|
|
agriculture: 7%
industry:
31.6%
services:
61.4% (2009 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
1.196 million (November 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
|
|
|
|
|
agriculture: 5%
industry:
31.3%
services:
63.6% (2008)
|
|
|
|
|
16.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
13.7% (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
17% (2008)
|
|
|
|
|
lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%:
23.1% (2005 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
29 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 118
29 (1998)
|
|
|
|
|
22.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
|
|
|
|
|
revenues: $20.99 billion
expenditures:
$22.35 billion (2009 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
61% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
42.7% of GDP (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
2.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
6.1% (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
9% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 49
9% (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
9.85% (30 November 2009)
country comparison to the world: 88
10.07% (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$9.27 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 50
$10.71 billion (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$34.57 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 39
$33.17 billion (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$45.5 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 56
$49.79 billion (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$25.64 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 61
$26.79 billion (31 December 2008)
$65.98 billion (31 December 2007)
|
|
|
|
|
wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, barley, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soybeans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
|
|
|
|
|
chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism
|
|
|
|
|
-9.5% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
|
|
|
|
|
11.49 billion kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
|
|
|
|
|
18 billion kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
|
|
|
|
|
5.668 billion kWh (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
12.24 billion kWh (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
17,580 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
|
|
|
|
|
105,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
|
|
|
|
|
43,750 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
|
|
|
|
|
122,100 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
|
|
|
|
|
79.3 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
|
|
|
|
|
2.847 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
|
|
|
|
|
3.205 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
|
|
|
|
|
695.5 million cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
|
|
|
|
|
1.22 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
|
|
|
|
|
36.44 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
|
|
|
|
|
-$6.073 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
-$6.397 billion (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$10.57 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
$14.36 billion (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
|
|
|
|
|
Italy 19.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 15.4%, Germany 10.8%, Slovenia 7.8%, Austria 5.8% (2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$22.1 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
$30.42 billion (2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs
|
|
|
|
|
Italy 16.9%, Germany 13.2%, Russia 10.3%, China 6.1%, Slovenia 5.5%, Austria 4.9% (2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$11.56 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
$12.96 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$59.4 billion (30 September 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$54.79 billion (31 December 2008)
|
|
|
|
|
$32.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
$27.17 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
$3.949 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
$3.343 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 5.4331 (2009), 4.98 (2008), 5.3735 (2007), 5.8625 (2006), 5.9473 (2005)
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.851 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 60
|
|
|
|
|
5.924 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 81
|
|
|
|
|
general assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s; local lines are digital
domestic:
fixed-line teledensity holding steady at about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions exceed the population
international:
country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2009)
|
|
|
|
|
AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)
|
|
|
|
|
36 (plus 321 repeaters) (1995)
|
|
|
|
|
.hr
|
|
|
|
|
1.23 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 38
|
|
|
|
|
1.88 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 71
|
|
|
|
|
|
68 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 73
|
|
|
|
|
total: 23
over 3,047 m:
2
2,438 to 3,047 m:
6
1,524 to 2,437 m:
2
914 to 1,523 m:
4
under 914 m:
9 (2009)
|
|
|
|
|
total: 45
1,524 to 2,437 m:
1
914 to 1,523 m:
7
under 914 m:
37 (2009)
|
|
|
|
|
1 (2009)
|
|
|
|
|
gas 1,327 km; oil 583 km (2009)
|
|
|
|
|
total: 2,722 km
country comparison to the world: 63
standard gauge:
2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2009)
|
|
|
|
|
total: 29,248 km (includes 877 km of expressways) (2008)
country comparison to the world: 99
|
|
|
|
|
785 km (2008)
country comparison to the world: 74
|
|
|
|
|
total: 80
country comparison to the world: 54
by type:
bulk carrier 25, cargo 11, chemical tanker 3, passenger/cargo 30, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2
registered in other countries:
30 (Bahamas 1, Belize 2, Liberia 2, Malta 9, Marshall Islands 6, Panama 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7) (2008)
|
|
|
|
|
Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Vukovar (on Danube River)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH), consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command, Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2010)
|
|
|
|
|
18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary service; 6-month conscript service obligation; full conversion to voluntary military service by 2010 (2006)
|
|
|
|
|
males age 16-49: 1,021,904
females age 16-49:
1,023,465 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
males age 16-49: 770,574
females age 16-49:
844,594 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
male: 27,670
female:
26,503 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
|
|
2.39% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
|
|
|
|
| Transnational Issues ::Croatia |
|
|
dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Pirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a European Union peripheral state, Slovenia imposed a hard border Schengen regime with non-member Croatia in December 2007
|
|
|
|
|
IDPs: 2,900-7,000 (Croats and Serbs displaced in 1992-95 war) (2007)
|
|
|
|
|
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe (2008)
|
|
|
|
|
