Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background:
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The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
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Location:
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Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
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Geographic coordinates:
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4 30 N, 114 40 E
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Map references:
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Southeast Asia
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Area:
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total: 5,770 sq km
land: 5,270 sq km
water: 500 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Delaware
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Land boundaries:
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total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381 km
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Coastline:
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161 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
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Climate:
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tropical; hot, humid, rainy
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Terrain:
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flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, timber
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Land use:
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arable land: 2.08%
permanent crops: 0.87%
other: 97.05% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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10 sq km (2003)
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Natural hazards:
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typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
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Environment - current issues:
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seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia
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Population:
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379,444 (July 2006 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 28.1% (male 54,411/female 52,134)
15-64 years: 68.8% (male 138,129/female 123,017)
65 years and over: 3.1% (male 5,584/female 6,169) (2006 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 27.4 years
male: 28 years
female: 26.7 years (2006 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.87% (2006 est.)
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Birth rate:
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18.79 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
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Death rate:
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3.45 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 12.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 75.01 years
male: 72.57 years
female: 77.59 years (2006 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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less than 200 (2003 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 200 (2003 est.)
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Nationality:
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noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian
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Ethnic groups:
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Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
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Religions:
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Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
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Languages:
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Malay (official), English, Chinese
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.9%
male: 96.3%
female: 91.4% (2002)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
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Government type:
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constitutional sultanate
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Capital:
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Bandar Seri Begawan
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Administrative divisions:
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4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
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Independence:
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1 January 1984 (from UK)
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National holiday:
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National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
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Constitution:
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29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
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Legal system:
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based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
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Suffrage:
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none
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
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Legislative branch:
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Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; Sultan dissolved council on 1 September 2005 and appointed a new council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005
elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Shariah courts deal with Islamic laws (2006)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Brunei Solidarity National Party (PPKB) [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin]; National Development Party (NDP) [YASSIN Affendi]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [Awang Haji MAIDIN bin Haji Ahmad]
note: parties are small and have limited activity (2005)
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA
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International organization participation:
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APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, EAS, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Emil SKODON
embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS8811
mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507
telephone: [673] (2) 220-384
FAX: [673] (2) 225-293
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Flag description:
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yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
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Economy - overview:
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This small, well-to-do economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP and more than 90% of government revenues. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$6.842 billion (2003 est.)
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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NA
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1.7% (2004 est.)
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$23,600 (2003 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 3.6%
industry: 56.1%
services: 40.3% (2004 est.)
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Labor force:
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146,300
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2003 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 2.9%
industry: 61.1%
services: 36% (2003 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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4.8% (2004)
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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0.9% (2004)
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Budget:
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revenues: $3.765 billion
expenditures: $4.815 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2004 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, eggs
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Industries:
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petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
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Industrial production growth rate:
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7.3% (2003 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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2.906 billion kWh (2004)
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Electricity - consumption:
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2.726 billion kWh (2004)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2004)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2004)
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Oil - production:
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200,800 bbl/day (2005)
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Oil - consumption:
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10,770 bbl/day (2005 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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192,700 bbl/day (2005)
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Oil - imports:
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NA bbl/day
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Oil - proved reserves:
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1.255 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
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Natural gas - production:
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11.4 billion cu m (2003 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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1.73 billion cu m (2003 est.)
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Natural gas - exports:
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9 billion cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2001 est.)
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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390.8 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
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Exports:
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$4.514 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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crude oil, natural gas, refined products
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 38.1%, South Korea 14%, Australia 11.2%, US 8.6%, Thailand 7.9%, Indonesia 6%, China 4.5% (2004)
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Imports:
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$1.641 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
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Imports - partners:
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Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)
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Debt - external:
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$NA
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$4.3 million (1995)
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Currency (code):
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Bruneian dollar (BND)
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Exchange rates:
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Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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This page was last updated on 16 May, 2006
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