| The World Factbook | ||
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Malta |
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| Introduction | Malta |
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Background:
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Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814. The island staunchly supported the UK through both World Wars and remained in the Commonwealth when it became independent in 1964. A decade later Malta became a republic. Since about the mid-1980s, the island has transformed itself into a freight transshipment point, a financial center, and a tourist destination. Malta became an EU member in May of 2004. |
| Geography | Malta |
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Location:
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Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy) |
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Geographic coordinates:
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35 50 N, 14 35 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 316 sq km
water: 0 sq km land: 316 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo) |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 25 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation contiguous zone: 24 nm |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers |
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Terrain:
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mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli) |
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Natural resources:
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limestone, salt, arable land |
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Land use:
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arable land: 28.13%
permanent crops: 3.13% other: 68.74% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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20 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration |
| People | Malta |
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Population:
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398,534 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 17.6% (male 36,056/female 34,097)
15-64 years: 68.8% (male 138,537/female 135,666) 65 years and over: 13.6% (male 23,184/female 30,994) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 38.36 years
male: 36.91 years female: 39.84 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.42% (2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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10.17 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 3.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 78.86 years
male: 76.7 years female: 81.15 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.5 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.2% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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less than 500 (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less than 100 (2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
adjective: Maltese |
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Ethnic groups:
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Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians, with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock) |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 98% |
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Languages:
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Maltese (official), English (official) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 92.8% male: 92% female: 93.6% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Malta |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Malta
conventional short form: Malta local short form: Malta local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Valletta |
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Administrative divisions:
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none (administered directly from Valletta); note - Local Councils carry out administrative orders |
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Independence:
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21 September 1964 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 21 September (1964) |
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Constitution:
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1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974 and again in 1987 |
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Legal system:
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based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Eddie FENECH ADAMI (since 4 April 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence GONZI (since 23 March 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister elections: president elected by the House of Representatives for a five-year term; election last held 29 March 2004 (next to be held by April 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year term; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister election results: Eddie FENECH ADAMI elected president; percent of House of Representatives vote - 33 out of 65 votes |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held by April 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.7%, MLP 47.6%, AD 0.7%; seats by party - PN 34, MLP 31 |
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Judicial branch:
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Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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Australia Group, C, CE, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (observer affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador John LOWELL
consulate(s): New York FAX: [1] (202) 387-5470 telephone: [1] (202) 462-3611, 3612 chancery: 2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires William GRANT
embassy: 3rd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, Malta VLT 01 mailing address: P. O. Box 535, Valletta, Malta, CMR01 telephone: [356] 2561 4000 FAX: [356] 21 243229 |
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Flag description:
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two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red |
| Economy | Malta |
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Economy - overview:
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Major resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. The economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing (especially electronics and textiles), and tourism. Continued sluggishness in the European economy is holding back exports, tourism, and overall growth. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $7.223 billion (2004 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1% (2004 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $18,200 (2004 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 3%
industry: 23% services: 74% (2003 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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26.4% of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2.9% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force:
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160,000 (2002 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 5%, industry 24%, services 71% (1999 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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7% (2003 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $2.27 billion
expenditures: $2.549 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs |
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Industries:
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tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction; food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - production:
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2.15 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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2 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA |
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Oil - imports:
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NA |
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Current account balance:
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$-241 million (2004 est.) |
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Exports:
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$2.625 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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machinery and transport equipment, manufactures |
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Exports - partners:
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Singapore 17.4%, US 11.7%, UK 9.4%, Germany 8.8%, France 7.5%, China 7% (2003) |
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Imports:
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$3.407 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, and tobacco |
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Imports - partners:
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Italy 19.1%, France 13.5%, UK 8.4%, Germany 6.5%, Singapore 6.1%, Japan 5.6%, South Korea 5.4%, US 4% (2003) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
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$2.865 billion (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$130 million (1997) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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NA |
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Currency:
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Maltese lira (MTL) |
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Currency code:
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MTL |
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Exchange rates:
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Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.37 (2004), 0.3772 (2003), 0.4336 (2002), 0.4501 (2001), 0.4382 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 April - 31 March |
| Communications | Malta |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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208,300 (2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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290,000 (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: automatic system satisfies normal requirements
domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands international: country code - 356; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 18, shortwave 6 (1999) |
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Radios:
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255,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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6 (2000) |
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Televisions:
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280,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.mt |
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Internet hosts:
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7,156 (2004) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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6 (2002) |
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Internet users:
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120,000 (2002) |
| Transportation | Malta |
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Highways:
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total: 2,222 km
paved: 2,000 km unpaved: 222 km (2002) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Marsaxlokk, Valletta |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 1,140 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 25,102,401 GRT/41,176,791 DWT
by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 438, cargo 303, chemical tanker 70, combination ore/oil 2, container 54, liquefied gas 8, livestock carrier 1, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 13, petroleum tanker 162, refrigerated cargo 43, roll on/roll off 26, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 13 registered in other countries: 3 (2005) foreign-owned: 1,080 (Austria 3, Azerbaijan 1, Bangladesh 3, Belgium 12, British 1, Bulgaria 18, Canada 9, China 15, Croatia 10, Cyprus 2, Czech Republic 2, Estonia 2, Finland 1, France 5, Germany 51, Greece 527, Hong Kong 1, Iceland 7, Iran 4, Israel 26, Italy 17, Japan 2, Latvia 30, Lebanon 6, Madagascar 1, Monaco 3, Netherlands 3, Norway 42, Pakistan 2, Poland 24, Portugal 4, Romania 5, Russia 64, Slovenia 3, South Korea 4, Sweden 3, Switzerland 32, Syria 6, Taiwan 1, Turkey 87, Ukraine 25, UAE 5, United Kingdom 8, United States 3) |
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Airports:
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1 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Military | Malta |
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Military branches:
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Armed Forces of Malta (AFM): Land Forces (including Air Squadron and Maritime Squadron), Revenue Security Corps |
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Military manpower - military age:
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18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 18-49: 90,651 (2005 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 18-49: 74,525 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$31.1 million (2004) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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0.7% (2004) |
| Transnational Issues | Malta |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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Illicit drugs:
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minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe |
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This page was last updated on 17 May, 2005 |