Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background:
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Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed.
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Location:
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Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
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Geographic coordinates:
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24 30 N, 13 00 W
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Map references:
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Africa
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Area:
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total: 266,000 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 266,000 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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about the size of Colorado
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Land boundaries:
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total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
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Coastline:
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1,110 km
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Maritime claims - as described in UNCLOS 1982 (see Notes and Definitions):
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contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
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Climate:
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hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
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Terrain:
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mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point: unnamed location 463 m
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Natural resources:
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phosphates, iron ore
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km
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Natural hazards:
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hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
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Environment - current issues:
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sparse water and lack of arable land
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas
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Economy - overview:
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Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $NA
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GDP - real growth rate:
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NA%
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $NA
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: 40% (1996 est.)
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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NA%
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Labor force:
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12,000
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Labor force - by occupation:
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animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%
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Unemployment rate:
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NA%
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Budget:
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revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
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Industries:
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phosphate mining, handicrafts
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA%
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Electricity - production:
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90 million kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
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Electricity - consumption:
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83.7 million kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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1,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA
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Oil - imports:
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NA
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Agriculture - products:
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fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads)
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Exports:
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$NA
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Exports - commodities:
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phosphates 62%
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Exports - partners:
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Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
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Imports:
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$NA
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Imports - commodities:
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fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
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Imports - partners:
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Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2000)
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Debt - external:
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$NA
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA
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Currency:
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Moroccan dirham (MAD)
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Currency code:
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MAD
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Exchange rates:
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Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 9.574 (2003), 11.584 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Railways:
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0 km
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Highways:
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total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km
unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)
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Waterways:
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none
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Ports and harbors:
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Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
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Airports:
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11 (2003 est.)
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2003 est.)
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (2003 est.)
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Disputes - international:
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Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved - UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991 but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; Polisario, Algeria and European supporters agree to latest US-brokered UN proposals for limited temporary autonomy for 4-5 years followed by a referendum on independence, but a final response from Morocco is pending; Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara have been dormant in recent years
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This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004
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