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  Uruguay  
Flag of Uruguay
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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
  Communications
  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.


This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004


Map of Uruguay

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Uruguay
Background:
Definition Field Listing
A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
   Geography    Uruguay
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
33 00 S, 56 00 W
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
South America
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 176,220 sq km
land: 173,620 sq km
water: 2,600 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1,564 km
border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
660 km
Maritime claims - as described in UNCLOS 1982 (see Notes and Definitions):
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 12 NM
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 7.21%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 92.52% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
1,800 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising
   People    Uruguay
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3,399,237 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 23.5% (male 406,500; female 392,497)
15-64 years: 63.4% (male 1,066,464; female 1,087,100)
65 years and over: 13.1% (male 182,654; female 264,022) (2004 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 32.2 years
male: 30.7 years
female: 33.7 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.51% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
14.44 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.07 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
-0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 12.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
male: 13.67 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 75.92 years
male: 72.71 years
female: 79.24 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.96 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0.3% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6,300 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
less than 500 (2001 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Uruguayan(s)
adjective: Uruguayan
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Roman Catholic 66% (less than half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 97.6%
female: 98.4% (2003 est.)
   Government    Uruguay
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay
conventional short form: Uruguay
local short form: Uruguay
former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
constitutional republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Montevideo
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999, with runoff election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held October 2004)
election results: Jorge BATLLE Ibanez elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE Ibanez 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held October 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held October 2004)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ-FAINGOLD
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York
FAX: [1] (202) 331-8142
telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316
chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Martin J. SILVERSTEIN
embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200
mailing address: APO AA 34035
telephone: [598] (2) 418-7777
FAX: [598] (2) 418-8611
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy
   Economy    Uruguay
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Uruguay's well-to-do economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually during 1996-98, in 1999-2002 the economy suffered a major downturn, stemming largely from the spillover effects of the economic problems of its large neighbors, Argentina and Brazil. For instance, in 2001-02 massive withdrawals by Argentina of dollars deposited in Uruguayan banks led to a plunge in the Uruguyan peso and a massive rise in unemployment. Total GDP in these four years dropped by nearly 20%, with 2002 the worst year due to the serious banking crisis. Unemployment rose to nearly 20% in 2002, inflation surged, and the burden of external debt doubled. Cooperation with the IMF and the US has limited the damage. The debt swap with private creditors carried out in 2003, which extended the maturity dates on nearly half of Uruguay's $11.3 billion in public debt, substantially alleviated the country's amortization burden in the coming years and restored public confidence. The economy is expected to resume growth in 2004 (perhaps 4% or more) as a result of high commodity prices for Uruguayan exports, the weakness of the dollar against the euro, growth in the region, low international interest rates, and greater export competitiveness. On the negative side, in December 2003 the electorate voted to repeal the law permitting a cautious liberalization of the energy industry.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $42.94 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0.3% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $12,600 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 9%
industry: 24%
services: 67% (2001)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
23.7% (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 25.8% (1997)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field Listing
44.8 (1999)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
10.2% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.3 million (2002)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture 14%, industry 16%, services 70%
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16.1% (November 2003)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $2.74 billion
expenditures: $3.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $193 million (2002)
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-2.5% (Jan-Sep 2003 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
7.963 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source:
Definition Field Listing
fossil fuel: 0.7%
hydro: 99.1%
other: 0.3% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
6.152 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
1.377 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
123 million kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
41,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
40 million cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
40 million cu m (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
rice, wheat, corn, barley; livestock; fish
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$2.164 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
meat, rice, leather products, wool, fish, dairy products
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Brazil 22.1%, US 8.4%, Germany 5.4%, Argentina 5.1%, Mexico 4.2%, Italy 4.1%, Paraguay 4.1%, Spain 4% (2002)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$1.989 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
Argentina 23.1%, Brazil 17.5%, US 8.9%, Mexico 4.7%, China 4% (2002)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$10.2 billion (June 2003)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$NA
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
UYU
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 28.21 (2003), 21.26 (2002), 13.32 (2001), 12.1 (2000), 11.34 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Uruguay
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
946,500 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
652,000 (2002)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: fully digitalized
domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network
international: country code - 598; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 91, FM 149, shortwave 7 (2001)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
23 (2002)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.uy
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
78,660 (2002)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
400,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Uruguay
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 2,073 km
standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge
note: 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in partial use (2002)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 8,983 km
paved: 8,081 km
unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
Pipelines:
Definition Field Listing
gas 192 km (2003)
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Colonia, Fray Bentos, Juan La Caze, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Piriapolis
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 10,918 GRT/10,342 DWT
registered in other countries: 6 (2003 est.)
foreign-owned: Argentina 4, Greece 1
by type: chemical tanker 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
64 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 15
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 49
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 31 (2003 est.)
   Military    Uruguay
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Marines, Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Air Force
Military manpower - availability:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 838,195 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 677,315 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$217.9 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2% (2003)
   Transnational Issues    Uruguay
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
uncontested dispute with Brazil over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina

This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004


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