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  Niue  
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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
  Communications
  Transportation
  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.


This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004


Map of Niue

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Niue
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
   Geography    Niue
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
19 02 S, 169 52 W
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Oceania
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 260 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 260 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
0 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
64 km
Maritime claims - as described in UNCLOS 1982 (see Notes and Definitions):
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
fish, arable land
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 19.23%
permanent crops: 7.69%
other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
NA sq km
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
typhoons
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
one of world's largest coral islands
   People    Niue
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2,156 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA%
65 years and over: NA% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.01% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
NA (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA% (2004 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: NA years
male: NA years
female: NA years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: NA
total population: 95%
male: NA%
female: NA%
   Government    Niue
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue
former: Savage Island
Dependency status:
Definition Field Listing
self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
self-governing parliamentary democracy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Alofi
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)
election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%
elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)
cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2005)
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
   Economy    Niue
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
-0.3% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: 55%
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1% (1995)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA% (March 1999)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA%
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source:
Definition Field Listing
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.79 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
20 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Oil - imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$137,200 (1999)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$2.38 million (1999)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$418,000 (2002 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
NZD
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1620 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
1 April - 31 March
   Communications    Niue
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1,100 est (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
400 (2002)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: country code - 683
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
1 (1997)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.nu
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
   Transportation    Niue
Railways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
0 km
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km
unpaved: 148 km (2001)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
none
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
none; offshore anchorage only
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
none
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2003 est.)
   Military    Niue
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
Military - note:
Definition Field Listing
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
   Transnational Issues    Niue
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
none

This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004


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