|
In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.
This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004
|
Legend:
Definition
Field Listing
Rank Order
Background:
|
Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934, and subsequently the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s, and until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction is now complete. Cleanup and closure of the facility is progressing, with completion anticipated in 2004.
|
Economy - overview:
|
Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.
|
Telephone system:
|
general assessment: NA
domestic: 512 KB satellite link to Hawaii teleport; 20 (POTS) voice and data lines
international: NA (2002)
|
Military - note:
|
defense is the responsibility of the US
|
This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004
|