Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background:
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Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of its subsequent history was brought to an end in 1966 when Joaquin BALAGUER became president. He maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. The Dominican economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the hemisphere over the past decade.
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Location:
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Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
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Geographic coordinates:
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19 00 N, 70 40 W
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Map references:
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Central America and the Caribbean
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Area:
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total: 48,730 sq km
land: 48,380 sq km
water: 350 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire
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Land boundaries:
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total: 360 km
border countries: Haiti 360 km
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Coastline:
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1,288 km
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Maritime claims - as described in UNCLOS 1982 (see Notes and Definitions):
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territorial sea: 6 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
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Climate:
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tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
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Terrain:
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rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m
highest point: Pico Duarte 3,175 m
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Natural resources:
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nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
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Land use:
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arable land: 21.08%
permanent crops: 9.92%
other: 69% (1998 est.)
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Irrigated land:
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2,590 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
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Environment - current issues:
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water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
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Geography - note:
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shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti
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Population:
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8,833,634 (July 2004 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 33.3% (male 1,502,062; female 1,435,135)
15-64 years: 61.4% (male 2,767,880; female 2,658,861)
65 years and over: 5.3% (male 219,230; female 250,466) (2004 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 23.7 years
male: 23.5 years
female: 23.9 years (2004 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.33% (2004 est.)
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Birth rate:
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23.6 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
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Death rate:
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7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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-3.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 33.28 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 30.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
male: 35.75 deaths/1,000 live births
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 67.63 years
male: 65.98 years
female: 69.35 years (2004 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.89 children born/woman (2004 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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2.5% (2001 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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130,000 (2001 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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7,800 (2001 est.)
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Nationality:
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noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
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Ethnic groups:
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white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 95%
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Languages:
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Spanish
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 84.7%
male: 84.6%
female: 84.8% (2003 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Dominican Republic
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republica Dominicana
local short form: none
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Government type:
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representative democracy
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Capital:
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Santo Domingo
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Administrative divisions:
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31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Jose de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde
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Independence:
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27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
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Constitution:
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28 November 1966
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Legal system:
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based on French civil codes; undergoing modification in 2004 towards an accusatory system
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age
note: members of the armed forces and police cannot vote
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 16 May 2000 (next to be held 16 May 2004)
election results: Raphael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez elected president; percent of vote - Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (PRD) 49.87%, Danilo MEDINA (PLD) 24.95%, Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 24.6%
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (32 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 29, PLD 2, PRSC 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 73, PLD 41, PRSC 36
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and executive branches with the president presiding)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Eduardo ESTRELLA]
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Collective of Popular Organizations or COP; Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania)
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International organization participation:
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ACP, Caricom (observer), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Hugo GUILIANI Cury
consulate(s): Mobile and Ponce (Puerto Rico)
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Jacksonville, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
FAX: [1] (202) 265-8057
telephone: [1] (202) 332-6280
chancery: 1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Hans H. HERTELL
embassy: corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo
mailing address: Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500
telephone: [1] (809) 221-2171
FAX: [1] (809) 686-7437
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Flag description:
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a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon
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Economy - overview:
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The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean representative democracy which enjoyed GDP growth of more than 7% in 1998-2000. Growth subsequently plummeted as part of the global economic slowdown. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of national income. Growth turned negative in 2003 with reduced tourism, a major bank fraud, and limited growth in the US economy, the source of 87% of export revenues. Resumption of a badly needed IMF loan was slowed due to government repurchase of electrical power plants.
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $52.16 billion (2003 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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-1.8% (2003 est.)
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $6,000 (2003 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 11%
industry: 34%
services: 55% (2001)
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Population below poverty line:
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25%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 37.9% (1998)
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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47.4 (1998)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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21.2% (2003 est.)
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Labor force:
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2.3 million - 2.6 million (2000 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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15.5% (2003 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $2.9 billion
expenditures: $3.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (2001 est.)
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Industries:
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tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
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Industrial production growth rate:
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2% (2001 est.)
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Electricity - production:
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9.186 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 92%
hydro: 7.6%
other: 0.4% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
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Electricity - consumption:
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8.543 billion kWh (2001)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001)
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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129,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA
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Oil - imports:
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NA
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Agriculture - products:
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sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs
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Exports:
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$5.524 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods
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Exports - partners:
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US 85.3%, Canada 1.6%, UK 1.6% (2002)
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Imports:
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$7.911 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
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Imports - partners:
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US 51.1%, Venezuela 9.1%, Mexico 4.8% (2002)
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Debt - external:
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$6.5 billion (2003 est.)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$239.6 million (1995)
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Currency:
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Dominican peso (DOP)
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Currency code:
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DOP
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Exchange rates:
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Dominican pesos per US dollar - 30.83 (2003), 18.61 (2002), 16.95 (2001), 16.42 (2000), 16.03 (1999)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Railways:
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total: 1,503 km
standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge
note: additional 986 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076-m, 0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges (2002)
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Highways:
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total: 12,600 km
paved: 6,224 km
unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)
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Waterways:
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none
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km
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Ports and harbors:
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Barahona, La Romana, Manzanillo, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo
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Merchant marine:
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total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 11,230 GRT/17,011 DWT
foreign-owned: Pakistan 1, Singapore 1
registered in other countries: 1 (2003 est.)
by type: cargo 1, petroleum tanker 2
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Airports:
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31 (2003 est.)
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 13
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 18
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 10 (2003 est.)
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This page was last updated on 11 May, 2004
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