| The World Factbook | ||
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Samoa |
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| Introduction | Samoa |
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Background:
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New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997. |
| Geography | Samoa |
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Location:
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Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
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Geographic coordinates:
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13 35 S, 172 20 W |
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Map references:
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Oceania |
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Area:
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total: 2,944 sq km
water: 10 sq km land: 2,934 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than Rhode Island |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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403 km |
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Maritime claims:
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exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October) |
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Terrain:
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narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mauga Silisili 1,857 m |
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Natural resources:
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hardwood forests, fish, hydropower |
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Land use:
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arable land: 19.43%
permanent crops: 23.67% other: 56.9% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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occasional typhoons; active volcanism |
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Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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occupies an almost central position within Polynesia |
| People | Samoa |
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Population:
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178,173 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 29.4% (male 26,613; female 25,715)
15-64 years: 64.6% (male 72,135; female 42,903) 65 years and over: 6.1% (male 4,980; female 5,827) (2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 23.7 years
male: 26.3 years female: 20.2 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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-0.27% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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15.41 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-11.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.68 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.39 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 29.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 34.98 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 70.11 years
male: 67.35 years female: 73 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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3.21 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Samoan(s)
adjective: Samoan |
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Ethnic groups:
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Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4% |
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Religions:
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Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
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Languages:
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Samoan (Polynesian), English |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.7% male: 99.6% female: 99.7% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Samoa |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa
conventional short form: Samoa former: Western Samoa |
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy under native chief |
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Capital:
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Apia |
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Administrative divisions:
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11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano |
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Independence:
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1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is celebrated |
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Constitution:
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1 January 1962 |
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Legal system:
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based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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21 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA (cochief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963)
head of government: Prime Minister Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA (since 24 November 1998); note - TUILA'EPA served as deputy prime minister from 1992 until he assumed the prime ministership in November 1998, when former Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana resigned in poor health; the post of deputy prime minister is currently vacant cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members, appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice elections: upon the death of Chief Tanumafili II MALIETOA, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47 elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs or matai may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)
elections: election last held 3 March 2001 (next election to be held not later than March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HRPP 30, SNDP 13, independents 6 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court; Court of Appeal |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Christian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman]; Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua NAIMOAGA]; Samoan National Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman] (opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary]; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; Samoan United Independent Party or SUIP [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE
FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797 telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196, 6197 chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: the Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa
embassy: 5th floor John Williams Building, Beach Road, Apia mailing address: P. O. Box 3430, Apia telephone: [685] 21631 FAX: [685] 22030 |
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Flag description:
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red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation |
| Economy | Samoa |
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Economy - overview:
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The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labor force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. The decline of fish stocks in the area is a continuing problem. Tourism is an expanding sector, accounting for 25% of GDP; about 88,000 tourists visited the islands in 2001. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, meantime protecting the environment. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $1 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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5% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 14%
industry: 23% services: 63% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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4% (2001 est.) |
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Labor force:
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90,000 (2000 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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NA |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA%; note - substantial underemployment |
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Budget:
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revenues: $105 million
expenditures: $119 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001/02) |
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Industries:
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food processing, building materials, auto parts |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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2.8% (2000) |
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Electricity - production:
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105.1 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 58%
hydro: 42% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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97.74 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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1,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Agriculture - products:
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coconuts, bananas, taro, yams |
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Exports:
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$15.5 million f.o.b. (2001) |
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Exports - commodities:
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fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, garments, beer |
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Exports - partners:
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Australia 64.7%, Indonesia 11.9%, US 11.7%, Germany 2.5%, American Samoa 2.2%, New Zealand (2001) |
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Imports:
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$130.1 million f.o.b. (2001) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs |
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Imports - partners:
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US 26.6%, Australia 21.6%, New Zealand 16.1%, Fiji 11.7%, Japan 10.0% (2001) |
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Debt - external:
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$197 million (2000) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$42.9 million (1995) |
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Currency:
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tala (WST) |
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Currency code:
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WST |
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Exchange rates:
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tala per US dollar - 3.3738 (2002), 3.478 (2001), 3.2864 (2000), 3.0132 (1999), 2.9477 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
| Communications | Samoa |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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8,183 (1998) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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1,545 (February 1998) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: adequate
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios:
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174,849 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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6 (1997) |
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Televisions:
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8,634 (1999) |
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Internet country code:
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.ws |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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3,000 (2002) |
| Transportation | Samoa |
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Railways:
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0 km |
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Highways:
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total: 836 km
paved: 267 km unpaved: 569 km (1983) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 7,091 GRT/8,127 DWT
ships by type: cargo 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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4 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
| Military | Samoa |
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Military branches:
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no regular armed services; Samoa Police Force |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$NA |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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NA% |
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Military - note:
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Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship |
| Transnational Issues | Samoa |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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This page was last updated on 1 August, 2003 |