| The World Factbook | ||
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Liberia |
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| Introduction | Liberia |
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Background:
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Eight years of civil strife were brought to a close in 1997 when free and open presidential and legislative elections were held. President TAYLOR now holds strong executive power with no real political opposition. Years of fighting, coupled with the flight of most businesses, have disrupted formal economic activity. A still unsettled domestic security situation has slowed the process of rebuilding the social and economic structure of this war-torn country. In 2001, the UN imposed sanctions on Liberian diamonds, along with an arms embargo and a travel ban on government officials, for Liberia's support of the rebel insurgency in Sierra Leone. Renewed rebel activity has further eroded stability and economic activity. A regional peace initiative commenced in the spring of 2003 but was disrupted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) indictment of President TAYLOR on war crimes charges. |
| Geography | Liberia |
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Location:
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Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone |
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Geographic coordinates:
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6 30 N, 9 30 W |
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total: 111,370 sq km
water: 15,050 sq km land: 96,320 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Tennessee |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 1,585 km
border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km |
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Coastline:
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579 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 200 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers |
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Terrain:
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mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Wuteve 1,380 m |
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Natural resources:
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iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower |
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Land use:
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arable land: 1.97%
permanent crops: 2.08% other: 95.95% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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30 sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) |
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Environment - current issues:
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tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation |
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Geography - note:
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facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture |
| People | Liberia |
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Population:
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3,317,176 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 43.4% (male 724,960; female 716,831)
15-64 years: 53% (male 858,191; female 898,851) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 59,539; female 58,804) (2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 18.1 years
male: 17.7 years female: 18.4 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.67% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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45.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-10.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: 200,000 Liberian refugees are in surrounding countries though slowly returning (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 132.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 125.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 139.03 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 48.15 years
male: 47.03 years female: 49.3 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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6.23 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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9% (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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125,000 (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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5,000 (2001 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Liberian(s)
adjective: Liberian |
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Ethnic groups:
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indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves) |
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Religions:
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indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20% |
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Languages:
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English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 57.5% male: 73.3% female: 41.6% note: (2003 est.) |
| Government | Liberia |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Liberia
conventional short form: Liberia |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Monrovia |
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Administrative divisions:
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15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gparbolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe |
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Independence:
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26 July 1847 |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 26 July (1847) |
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Constitution:
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6 January 1986 |
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Legal system:
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dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (since 2 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (since 2 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (renewable); election last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held 14 October 2003) election results: Charles Ghankay TAYLOR elected president; percent of vote - Charles Ghankay TAYLOR (NPP) 75.3%, Ellen Johnson SIRLEAF (UP) 9.6%, Alhaji KROMAH (ALCOP) 4%, other 11.1% |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (26 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (64 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held NA 2006); House of Representatives - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held 14 October 2003) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 21, UP 3, ALCOP 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 49, UP 7, ALCOP 3, Alliance of Political Parties 2, UPP 2, LPP 1 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Alliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP) [leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY]; Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People's Party or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leader NA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governing party; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party or UP [Charles CLARKE] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador William V. S. BULL
consulate(s) general: New York FAX: [1] (202) 723-0436 telephone: [1] (202) 723-0437 chancery: 5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador John William BLANEY III
embassy: 111 United Nations Drive, P. O. Box 10-0098, Mamba Point, 1000 Monrovia, 10 Liberia mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [231] 226-370 through 226-380 FAX: [231] 226-148 |
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Flag description:
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11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag |
| Economy | Liberia |
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Economy - overview:
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Civil war and misgovernment have destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Many businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Some have returned; many will not. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products - primarily raw timber and rubber. Local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. The restoration of the infrastructure and the raising of incomes in this ravaged economy depend on the settlement of civil warfare, the implementation of sound macro- and micro-economic policies, including the encouragement of foreign investment, and generous support from donor countries. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $3.5 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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-5% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 74%
industry: 7% services: 19% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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80% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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15% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 70%, industry 8%, services 22% (2000 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA |
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Budget:
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revenues: $85.4 million
expenditures: $90.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
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Industries:
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rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - production:
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468.8 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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435.9 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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3,100 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Agriculture - products:
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rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber |
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Exports:
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$110 million f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee |
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Exports - partners:
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Germany 51.8%, Italy 7.2%, US 5.4%, China 5.3% (2001) |
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Imports:
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$165 million f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs |
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Imports - partners:
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France 30.0%, South Korea 24.1%, Japan 15.8%, Singapore 8.2% (2001) |
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Debt - external:
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$2.1 billion (2000 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$94 million (1999) |
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Currency:
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Liberian dollar (LRD) |
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Currency code:
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LRD |
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Exchange rates:
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Liberian dollars per US dollar - NA (2002), 48.5833 (2001), 40.9525 (2000), 41.9025 (1999), 41.5075 (1998)
note: until December 1997, rates were based on a fixed relationship with the US dollar; beginning in January 1998, rates are market determined |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
| Communications | Liberia |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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6,700 (2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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0 (1998) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: telephone and telegraph service via microwave radio relay network; main center is Monrovia
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM 7, shortwave 2 (2001) |
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Radios:
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790,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (plus four low-power repeaters) (2001) |
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Televisions:
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70,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.lr |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2001) |
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Internet users:
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500 (2000) |
| Transportation | Liberia |
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Railways:
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total: 490 km
standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge note: none of the railways are in operation (2002) narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge |
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Highways:
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total: 10,600 km
paved: 657 km unpaved: 9,943 km note: there is major deterioration on all highways due to heavy rains and lack of maintenance (1996 est.) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia, Robertsport |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 1,432 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 48,700,851 GRT/75,408,994 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 9, Australia 2, Austria 15, Belgium 9, Brazil 5, Canada 4, Cayman Islands 1, Chile 7, China 39, Croatia 11, Denmark 4, Ecuador 1, Estonia 1, Germany 437, Greece 154, Hong Kong 69, India 5, Indonesia 1, Israel 1, Italy 5, Japan 90, Latvia 20, Isle of Man 5, Monaco 56, Netherlands 12, NZ 1, Nigeria 1, Norway 103, Pakistan 1, Portugal 5, Russia 66, Saudi Arabia 21, Singapore 20, Slovenia 1, South Africa 1, South Korea 10, Spain 2, Sweden 9, Switzerland 17, Taiwan 29, Turkey 3, Ukraine 4, UAE 12, UK 39, US 113, Uruguay 3, Vietnam 1 (2002 est.) ships by type: barge carrier 3, bulk 282, cargo 80, chemical tanker 163, combination bulk 12, combination ore/oil 24, container 357, liquefied gas 82, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 286, refrigerated cargo 60, roll on/roll off 19, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 13, vehicle carrier 37 |
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Airports:
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47 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 45
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 34 (2002) |
| Military | Liberia |
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Military branches:
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Army, Navy, Air Force |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 735,481 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 396,725 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$7.8 million (FY02) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.3% (FY02) |
| Transnational Issues | Liberia |
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Disputes - international:
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rebels and refugees contribute to border instabilities with Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, and Guinea; the Ivorian Government accuses Liberia of supporting Ivorian rebels |
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Illicit drugs:
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transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center |
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This page was last updated on 1 August, 2003 |