Table of Contents


Index

1NF, 149
2PC, 177, 178–79, 274–76
3NF, 17, 19, 31, 308, 310

A

Abstract class. See class.
Abstract data typing. See ADT.
Abstraction, 72, 150, 152–55
AdHawk, 333
ADT, 70
Aggregate
objects, 71, 147
roll-up, 307
STAR schemas, 315–18
AI, 324
Alert monitor, 380
Analysis paralysis, 2
ANSI, 59
ANSI X3H2 SQL syntax, 150
AO. See Application objects.
API, 249, 257
call-level, 251
database, 249–53
embedded, 251
Application objects, 390, 392
Arbor, 301, 318
Arrays, 142
Artificial intelligence. See AI.
ASCII, 290
Asynchronous table updating, 212–14

B

Basic, 75
Basis Plus, 160, 255
Batch processing, 119, 278, 302
Bill-of-Materials. See BOM.
Bitmap index, 37, 196–201
Black box, 77
Block header, 223
Blocksize. See Data blocks.
BMC, 293
Patrol, 379–86
BOM
explosion, 29
implosion, 29
relationships, 25
Bonczeck, Robert, 240
Bottlenecks, 224, 242
bstat-estat, 111, 354
B-tree index, 37, 329
Buffer pools, 119
isolation, 191

C

C, 90, 242
C/ISAM, 291
C++, 79, 394
CAD/CAM, 285
CA-IDMS, 111, 149, 160, 165, 250, 255, 279, 286, 303
CA-Ingres, 380
Cardinality, 136, 138
Celko, Joe, 126
CF, 394
Class
abstract, 28
concrete, 28
construct, 28
extensibility, 78–79
inheritance, 73–74, 150–52
object, 153
Client/server, 255, 295
parallelism, 214–19
SQL*Net, 264–67
Clusters, 63–64, 142
costs, 127
indexes, 194
MP hosts, 245
Cobol, 242, 252, 278
CODASYL, 17, 63, 221
locking, 165
Codd, Dr. E. F., 17, 318
Commit phase, 178
Common Facilities. See CF.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture. See CORBA.
Concatenated indexes, 42–44, 131, 132–33. See also Indexes.
Concrete class. See Class.
Concurrency control, 161, 188
config.ora, 87
Connect string, 263, 277
Connectivity
tools, 249–82
Construct class. See Class.
ConQuest, 69
Constraints, 11–12
indexes, 41–42
ConText, 69
Control parallel programming, 215
Conversational processing, 162, 164
CORBA, 291
standard, 387–98
Core Object Model, 393
CRON, 258, 354

D

DASD, 243
Data, 215
aggregation, 307–8
blocks, 36, 95, 96, 221, 236–40
buffer, 107–16, 347
headers, 223
indexes, 61
size, 115
sizing, 222–26
sorting, 98
choreography, 290
coupling, 71
cube, 318–20
simulation, 320–23
dictionary, 52, 68, 148
cache, 52, 90, 103–6
E/R model, 23
flow, 2
fragmentation, 122–24, 227–29
ISA
relationship, 81–84
joiner, 291
legacy, 250
linking, 283–93
mining, 323–25
object
management, 390–92
parallelism, 215
partitioned, 217
programming
parallel, 215
redundancy, 17–23, 285, 302
relationships, 16–34, 393
many-to-many, 23
misleading, 23
one-to-many, 19–23
recursive, 25–31
replication, 204–12, 289–90
searching, 69
sharing, 281
striping, 347
structure, 388
inheritance, 73
tools, 303
unrecoverable, 189–90
updating, 162–63
warehouse, 295–331
design rules, 305
Database
abstraction, 152–55
API, 249–53
batch processing, 119, 278, 302
buffer, 89, 107–16, 347
clusters, 63–64
connectivity, 249–82
mainframes, 278
corruption, 164
cube, 318–20
data warehouse, 296–318
deadlock, 38, 168–71, 173
design
distributed, 9–11
economics of, 2–3
issues, 2
location transparency, 3–7
performance, 16–34
STAR, 31–34
distributed, 1–2, 130
growth, 220–40
locking, 177
MTS, 274
parallelism, 217
SQL, 4–7
domains, 7
driver, 159
DSS, 301–7
gateway, 287–89
granularity, 164–66
growth, 220–40
hash tables, 61
heterogeneity, 246–47
I/O, 219
tuning, 119
indexes, 36–45
interoperability, 8, 118–19
linking, 283–93
links, 262
load
balancing, 8
sharing, 244–46
locking, 164–66
distributed, 177
management
future, 387–98
measurement, 293
middleware, 290–93
multidimensional, 296–318
aggregation, 307–8
multivendor, 284–87
object-oriented, 149–60
locking, 165
performance, 8–9, 203–47
design, 16–34
disk, 243–44
growth, 220–40
interruptions, 123
measurement, 240–43, 293
processors, 216
referential integrity, 48–50
pointer-based navigation, 155–56
products, 285
referential integrity, 11–16, 48–50
relational, 149, 152, 285, 286, 302
locking, 173
remote, 5–7
replication, 289–90
rows
pinning, 116–18
table. See also Table.
constraints, 11–12
triggers, 59, 209, 210–11
tuning, 203–47
Database administrator. See DBA.
Date-time stamp, 176, 214
DB2, 40, 130, 136, 167, 172, 257, 279, 284, 287, 290, 291, 380
DBA, 54, 57
data
buffers, 108, 113
corruption, 164
disk striping, 121
indexes, 191–201
Oracle
monitoring tools, 333–34
rows
storing, 136
tablespace
read-only, 117
DBMS, 285
DCE, 291
DDCS, 291
Deadlock, 38
database, 168–71, 173
Decision support systems. See DSS.
DeMarco, 2
Denormalization, 305, 308
Designer 2000, 79, 87
Device Media Control Language. See DMCL.
Dictionary cache, 90, 99, 103–6
Digital Equipment Corporation, 387
Dirty read, 163–64
Disk
issues, 243–44
sorts, 97
space, 304
striping, 116, 120–24
DMCL, 111
DML, 147
Domains, 7
hierarchy, 7
Downsizing, 2–3
Drill-down, 307–8
DSS, 295, 296, 297–301
DSSF, 299

E

E/R model, 23, 24, 31, 308, 325
ISA, 81
EBCDIC, 290
Eclusive locks
alternatives, 173
Economic order quantity. See EOQ.
EDA-SQL, 283, 287
Email, 215
Encapsulation, 77–78, 391
Enterprise referential integrity, 305
EnterpriseManager, 86
Entity/Relation model. See E/R model.
EOQ, 296
estat-bstat, 56, 349
Events, 333
Exclusive locks, 166
Expert systems, 296–97, 299, 335
performance, 240–43
Explain plan, 133–38
access techniques, 136
Express, 69–70. See also Oracle Express.
Express MDDB, 68
Extensibility, 78
Extract/load programs, 304

F

Figure, 25
First normal form. See 1NF.
Folio, 69
Foreign key, 17, 37, 50
bad, 164
Forget phase, 178
FoxPro, 15, 250
Fragmentation, 227–29, 230, 234–40
FTP, 15
Fulcrum, 69

G

Gane & Sarson, 2
Gateway, 254, 287–89, 291
Global transaction, 5
Growth
planning, 220–40

H

Handles, 160, 255
Hardware
interoperability, 9
Hash
algorithm, 61
cluster, 62–63
costs, 127
joins, 330–31
tables, 61–63
Heterogeneity, 246–47
Hewlett-Packard, 387
Hierarchical database. See Database.
High-order key, 38
Hints, 20
Holos, 70
Homonyms, 305
Horizontal
denormalization, 305
partitioning, 258–60
Human intuition, 300
Hyperdesk Corporation, 387
Hypothesis testing, 300

I

IBM, 2, 215, 284
mainframes, 278–81
IDMS/R, 149
IEEE, 285
IMS, 160, 250, 255, 284, 286, 291, 303
Indexes, 36–45, 126, 141, 143, 191–201
bitmap, 37, 196–201, 312, 328–30
blevel, 193
b-tree, 37, 196, 329
buffers, 111
cardinality, 194, 196
clustering, 194
columns, 37–38, 40, 63
multi, 42–44
concatenated, 42–44, 132–33
constraints, 41–42
costs, 127
deadlock, 169
distribution, 37
locks, 39
rows, 38–39, 40, 169
sorting, 97
SQL, 130–33
tablespace, 226–27
unrecoverable, 190
Inference engine, 296
Informix, 380
Ingres, 292
Inheritance, 73–74, 150–52, 392
init.ora, 67, 87, 89, 91, 97, 98, 99, 103, 111, 114, 167, 205, 219, 222, 269, 271, 286, 330, 347
In-memory sorts, 97
Input/Output tuning, 119
Interface
Network Programmatic, 262
Oracle Programmatic, 262
TNS, 277
User Programmatic, 261
Internal Protocol. See IP.
Intersystem connectivity, 258–60
IP, 6
IRI, 69, 301
ISA
construct, 79
relationship, 81–84

J

Joins, 142, 224
STAR, 328

K

Kimball, Dr. Ralph, 31

L

Laptop, 213
Leaf blocks, 194
Library cache, 52, 56, 59, 90, 99–103
Listener, 272–73
log, 273
SQL*Net, 267–69
Load
balancing, 8
sharing, 244–46, 247
Load Sharing Facility. See LSF.
Location transparency, 3–7. See also Transparency.
Locking, 161–88
script, 179
Locks, 213
escalation, 171–73
exclusive table, 168
indexes, 39
pools, 119. See also Locking or Oracle locking.
row wait, 182
share row exclusive table, 167
shared, 173
table, 182
table share, 167
transaction, 182
user-defined, 182
Log, 303
Logical volume manager. See LVM.
Loop
nested, 143
Lotus Notes, 215
LSF, 245
LVM, 65, 347

M

Many-to-many relationships, 49
denormalizing, 24
recursive, 25–31
Massively parallel processors. See MPP.
MDDB, 305, 306, 307, 308, 317, 318, 323
Memory, 90, 91–116
cache
dictionary, 90, 99, 103–6
libary, 90, 99–103
tuning, 116
fencing, 53–59. See also Pinning.
packages, 103–6
PGA, 99
session information, 90
SGA, 51. See also SGA.
tables
V$, 90–91
tuning, 347
MetaCube, 70
Metadata, 256, 303, 305
table, 103
Methods, 150, 156–58
inheritance, 73
Microsoft
ODBC, 158–60, 253–55
Windows, 159
WOSA, 158, 254
Middleware, 290–93
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. See MMPI.
MIS, 300
MMPI, 324
Modelling, 300
Monitoring tools, 333–34
Morphology, 69
MPP, 219, 306, 327
MTS, 106, 260, 269, 271–72, 274
Multicolumn indexes, 42–44
Multidimensional database. See MDDB.
Multiprocessing, 215
Multitasking, 215–19
Multithreaded server. See MTS.
Multithreading, 215–19
Multivendor database, 284–87
MVS, 293

N

Namespaces, 56
Natural language, 69
NCR, 387
Network database. See Database.
load, 118
Network Programmatic Interface. See NPI.
Non-reproducible results, 164
Normalization And Modeling Theory, 16–23
NPI, 262
NULL
lock, 168
N-way joins, 39, 44

O

Object
administrator, 72
class. See Class.
constructs, 155
extensions, 155
layer, 68, 70–79, 149
management, 390–92
model, 392–94
technology, 387–98
Object Management Architecture. See OMA.
Object Management Architecture Guide, 387
Object Query Language. See OQL.
Object request broker. See ORB.
Object services. See OS.
Object-oriented systems, 17, 51, 68, 74, 148, 149–60, 255
encapsulation, 77
future, 387–98
ISA relationship, 81
Passport, 292
SQL, 79–84
ODBC, 50, 158–60, 251, 253–55, 256, 289
API, 159
ODBMS, 149
ODMG, 70, 80
OLAP, 34, 87, 295–331
database
relational, 302
history, 295–331
OLTP, 19, 96, 222, 301, 305
OMA, 394
OMG, 70, 387
mission, 388–89
object model, 392–94, 395
One-to-many relationships, 49, 63, 74
denormalizing, 19–23
Online analytical processing. See OLAP.
Online transaction processing. See OLTP.
Open Database Connectivity. See ODBC.
Open system, 304
OpenVMS, 380
Operators, 75
OPI, 262
OQL, 158
Oracle, 18, 257, 380
*Book, 87
2PC, 274–76
abstraction, 72
objects, 71
architecture, 85–124
arrays, 142
batch processing, 119. See also Batch processing.
indexes, 196–201. See also Indexes.
bottlenecks, 224
bstat-estat, 111
client-server, 264–67
clusters, 63–64
connectivity, 249–82
constraints, 41–42
ConText, 69
data
unrecoverable, 189–90
warehouses, 295–331
database
buffer, 89
linking, 283–93
performance, 203–47
reorganization, 229–34
Designer 2000, 87
dictionary, 205
disk striping, 120–24. See also Disk striping.
encapsulation, 77
EnterpriseManager, 86
expert tool, 333
explain plan facility, 133–38
Express, 69–70, 87
extensibility, 78–79
gateway, 287–89
transparent, 291
hash
cluster, 62–63
joins, 330–31
tables, 61–63
import/export, 12, 87, 141
utility, 222
indexes, 36–45, 130–33, 191–201
bitmap, 328–30
inheritance, 73–74
ISA
construct, 79
relationship, 81–84
listener, 267–69, 272–73
locking, 166–71
alternatives, 173–77
measuring, 179–88
mainframes
IBM, 278–81
memory, 90, 91–116, 96
middleware, 290–93
Monitor, 181
monitoring, 333–86
object layer, 70–79
optimizer, 39, 44, 329
cost-based, 44, 140, 142–45, 194
rule-based, 44, 126, 128, 138–42, 143
SQL, 131
package, 52, 147
pinning, 53–59
parallel query, 327
password management, 267
Patrol, 379–86
performance reports, 373
PGA, 99
PL/SQL, 145
polymorphism, 74–77
query
parallel, 219–20
row
fragmentation, 236–40
Sedona, 68–69
server
tuning, 106–7
ServerManager, 86
SGA, 86
shared pool, 99–103
snapshots, 204–12
sorting, 97–99
SQL, 128–30
costs, 127
extensions, 4
locking, 169
table replication, 209
SQL*Net, 260–78, 269–74. See also SQL*Net.
STAR, 328
stored procedures, 50–59, 147–49
structure
internal, 87–90
syntax, 125–28
table
allocating, 45–48
temporary, 138
updating, 212–14
V$, 90–91
tablespace
fragmentation, 227–29
parameters, 224
triggers, 59–61, 147–49
Oracle Programmatic Interface. See OPI.
Oracle RDBMS Database Administrator’s Guide, 140
ORB, 68, 391, 394, 395–97
OS, 394
OS/2, 215
OSF, 285

P

Package, 52, 103, 147
pinning, 53–59
Parallel query, 64–68
Parallelism, 214–19
Oracle, 327–28
Passport, 292
Password management, 267
Patrol, 293, 379–86
PC connection task, 278
Performance
expert systems, 240–43
PGA, 90, 99, 114
PID, 271
Pinning
database rows, 116–18
packages, 53–59
Pipe Two-task, 277
PL/SQL, 86, 145–47
Platform computing
load sharing, 244–46
Pointer-based navigation, 150
Polymorphism, 74–77
Portability, 255–58
POSIX, 285
PowerBuilder, 8, 118, 286
Prepare phase, 178
Primary key constraints, 41
Prism, 215
Pro*C, 271
Proactive measuring, 334
Procedure Language/SQL. See PL/SQL.
Processors, 217
load sharing, 244–46
parallel, 219
Profiles, 393
Program global area. See PGA.
Programming
parallel
control, 215
data, 215
Pseudo-conversational processing, 162, 164

Q

Query, 8
dictionary, 194
distributed, 14
library cache, 103
locking
conflicts, 183
nested, 129
parallel, 36, 64–68, 219–20, 327–28
paths, 142
performance, 40
PL/SQL, 145, 146
SQL, 146, 256
STAR, 310, 328
subqueries, 64, 216
syntax, 125–28
tuning, 118

R

RAID, 65, 347
RDBMS, 292
Reactive measuring, 335
Read-Only tablespaces, 190–91
Recovery logs, 124, 221
Redundancy, 302, 308
Redundant Array of Independent Disks. See RAID.
Reference Model, 395
Referential integrity, 11–16
constraints, 42
performance, 48–50
Remote procedure call. See RPC.
RI, 147, 256, 303. See Referential integrity.
RM, 182
Roll-ups
STAR schemas, 315–18
Row
chained, 237
fragmentation, 236–40
locks, 167, 172
exclusive table (RX), 167
share row exclusive table, 167
share table (RS), 167
wait, 182
RPC, 249, 251
RS, 167
RX, 167

S

S, 167, 168
S.O.S., 168
Sales force automation systems. See SFA systems.
Scan
full-table, 20, 36, 62, 95, 96, 108, 126, 143, 219
buffers, 113
costs, 127
indexes, 44, 191
Security, 397
Sedona, 68–69
Server
ODBC, 158–60
remote, 212
tuning, 106–7
ServerManager, 86
Service Provider Interface. See SPI.
SFA systems, 212, 213
SGA, 51, 87, 192, 347
buffer cache, 87
log buffer, 87
Oracle region. See Oracle memory.
package
pinning, 53–59
shared pool, 89, 99–103
sizing, 91–96
SQL areas, 89
Shared
locks, 166, 173
alternatives, 173
pool, 50–59, 89, 96, 147, 192, 347
tuning, 99–103
Short On Storage. See S.O.S.
SIC, 300
SIMULA, 298
SmallTalk, 79
SMP, 65, 66, 219, 244–46, 306, 327
SMSA, 300
Snapdump utility, 56
Snapshots, 204–12, 302
example, 207–8
log, 303
refreshing, 205
Sorting, 97–99, 143
SPI, 159, 254
SQL, 128–30, 252, 255
costs, 127
dialects, 4–7
dictionary cache, 90, 99, 103–6
extensions, 176
indexes, 130–33
inheritance, 150–52
library cache, 90, 99–103
locking, 170
methods, 156–58
non-ANSI, 256–58
object-oriented, 79–84
operators, 150
optimizer, 130, 175
rule-based, 139
session information, 90
sorting, 97–99
standards, 285
STAR schema, 312–15
syntax, 125–28
trace, 136, 137
trace facility, 241
vanilla, 255
SQL for Smarties, 126
SQL*
DBA, 54, 86, 91, 95, 181, 184, 233, 275, 354
Form, 12, 86
Forms, 145, 271
Loader, 13, 87, 190
Menu, 86
Net, 5, 9, 15, 50, 86, 90, 106, 204, 250, 260–78
log, 273
Plus, 48, 50, 57, 86, 100, 264
SQL/DS, 174
SQL/X, 149
SQL++, 150
SQL3, 150, 158
SRX, 167
SS, 168
SSX, 168
Standard Industry Code. See SIC.
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. See SMSA.
STAR, 31–34, 302, 308, 310
aggregation, 315–18
example, 325–26
roll-ups, 315–18
SQL, 312–15
Stored procedures, 50–59, 147–49
Subquery
correlated, 145
Sun, 387
Superclass, 79, 81
SX, 168
Sybase, 14, 250, 286, 287, 380
Sybase/Illustra, 158
Symmetric multiprocessor. See SMP.
Synchronization, 397
manager, 214
Synonyms, 305
System analysis
DeMarco style, 2
Gane & Sarson method, 2
System Global Area. See SGA.

T

Table, 302, 371
allocating, 45–48
caching, 116
compression, 124
constraints, 11–12
data
memory, 116
replication, 289–90
sharing, 191
dimension, 308
disk striping, 120–24
driving, 138
fact, 308, 310, 328
fat, 305
foreign keys, 17
fragmentation, 122–24, 141, 230, 234–36
hash, 61–63
clusters, 62–63
indexes, 36–45
deadlock, 169
locks, 164–66, 167, 172, 182
exlcusive, 168
share (S), 167
mega-, 83
metadata, 103
multiple, 315
nesting, 149
ordered, 143
partitioning, 314
pivot, 319
plan
fields, 134
queries
parallel, 64–68
read-only, 204, 226
relational, 51, 150
replication, 204, 208, 266
snapshots, 204–12
tablespace, 226–27
temporary, 138
trace, 136
two-dimensional, 322
unrecoverable, 190
updating
asynchronous, 212–14
V$, 90–91, 100, 110
Tablespace, 45, 50, 89, 226–27, 370
coalesce, 233
fragmentation, 122, 227–29, 230
growth, 221
locking, 164–66, 172
read-only, 116, 190–91
reorganization, 229–34
reports, 241
SQL*Net, 273
system, 227
Taxonomy hierarchy, 79, 81
TCP Two-task, 277
Telnet, 6
Theories
Normalization And Modeling, 16–23
Third Normal Form. See 3NF.
TM, 182
TNS, 261
Interface, 277
Trace, 136
log, 273
Transaction
lock, 182
logs, 221
Transparency, 255, 259, 266, 278
Transparent network substrate. See TNS.
Trends, 300
analysis reports, 242
Triggers, 50, 51, 59–61, 147–49, 209, 210–11, 303
Two-phase commit. See 2PC.
TX, 182

U

UL, 182
ULTESTAT, 354
UniFace, 8, 15, 118, 283, 290
UniSQL, 149, 158, 310
Unit incompatibilities, 305
Universal Object Manager. See Sedona.
Unix, 2, 9, 54, 96, 143, 205, 218, 242, 245, 258, 293, 354, 383
data
blocks, 107
fragmentation, 123
locks
killing, 179
memory, 114
SQL*Net, 260–78
Unix process ID. See PID.
UPI, 261
User Programmatic Interface. See UPI.
User-defined locks, 182
UTLBSTAT, 349

V

V$ Table, 90–91, 100, 110
Vertical denormalization, 305
VLDB, 327
Volume table of contents. See VTOC.
VTOC, 243

W

Weakest link architecture, 118
Windows NT, 215
Windows Open Service Architecture. See WOSA.
WOSA, 158, 254

X

X, 168
X-WINDOWS, 285

Z

Zhou, Songnian, 245


Table of Contents