Skip to content. | Skip to navigation

 
Central Intelligence Agency
The Work of a Nation. The Center of Intelligence
World Factbook Title
navigation arrows
View Text Low Bandwidth Version Download Publication
Africa :: Chad
page last updated on January 29, 2013
Flag of Chad
(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
Location of Chad
Click flag or map to enlarge Opens in New Window
 
Map of Chad
Click map to enlarge Opens in New Window
Photos of Chad
 
Navigation Arrow view 2 photos Opens in New Window
of Chad
Expand All | collapse All
Introduction ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority.
Back to Top
Geography ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Central Africa, south of Libya
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15 00 N, 19 00 E
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 1.284 million sq km
country comparison to the world: 21
land: 1,259,200 sq km
water: 24,800 sq km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
slightly more than three times the size of California
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 5,968 km
border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 km (landlocked)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none (landlocked)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
tropical in south, desert in north
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: Djourab 160 m
highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 2.8%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 97.18% (2005)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
300 sq km (2003)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
43 cu km (1987)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 0.23 cu km/yr (17%/0%/83%)
per capita: 24 cu m/yr (2000)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
Back to Top
People and Society ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
10,975,648 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 45.6% (male 2,539,476/ female 2,469,078)
15-64 years: 51.4% (male 2,609,023/ female 3,036,256)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 134,615/ female 187,200) (2012 est.)
population pyramid:
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 16.9 years
male: 15.8 years
female: 18 years (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.98% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
38.7 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15.16 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-3.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 28% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 4.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
N'DJAMENA (capital) 808,000 (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 1
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 93.61 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 6
male: 99.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 87.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 48.69 years
country comparison to the world: 222
male: 47.61 years
female: 49.82 years (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.93 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 79
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2004)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.43 beds/1,000 population (2005)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 23% of population
rural: 4% of population
total: 9% of population
unimproved:
urban: 77% of population
rural: 96% of population
total: 91% of population
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
210,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
11,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
33.9% (2004)
country comparison to the world: 12
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.2% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 124
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic
total population: 34.5%
male: 45%
female: 24.2% (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 7 years
male: 9 years
female: 5 years (2009)
Back to Top
Government ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: Republic of Chad
conventional short form: Chad
local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad
local short form: Tchad/Tshad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
republic
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: N'Djamena
geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
22 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
11 August 1960 (from France)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
mixed legal system of civil and customary law
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age; universal
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)
head of government: Prime Minister Djimrangar DADNADJI (since 21 January 2013)
cabinet: Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji Madou 7.8%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held on 13 February 2011 (next to be held by 2015); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ART 133, UNDR 11, others 44
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Supreme Court; Constitutional Council; High Court of Justice; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART, an alliance among the ruling MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP; Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
rebel groups
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Maitine DJOUMBE
chancery: 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009
FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Mark M. BOULWARE
embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena
mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena
telephone: [235] 251-62-11, 251-70-09, 251-77-59
FAX: [235] 251-56-54
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice
note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
goat (north); lion (south)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian)
lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD
note: adopted 1960
Back to Top
Economy ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. Remittances are also an important source of income. The Libyan conflict disrupted inflows of remittances to Chad's impoverished western region that relies on income from Chadians living in Libya. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1.5 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and have completed a 311-km pipeline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$21.34 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
$19.88 billion (2011 est.)
$19.53 billion (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$9.723 billion (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7.3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
1.8% (2011 est.)
13% (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$2,000 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 192
$1,900 (2011 est.)
$1,900 (2010 est.)
note: data are in 2012 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 51%
industry: 7%
services: 42% (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.293 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 87
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 80% (2006 est.)
industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
80% (2001 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 30.8% (2003)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
26.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $2.831 billion
expenditures: $3.348 billion (2012 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
29.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-5.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
36.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
43.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
5% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
2% (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.25% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 77
4.75% (31 December 2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
15.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
15% (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.416 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
$1.235 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.642 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
$1.335 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$700.5 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
$553.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-$1.965 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
-$2.386 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$4.951 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
$4.974 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
US 83.2%, China 6.8%, France 5.6% (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$3.936 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
$4.054 billion (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Cameroon 17%, France 15.8%, China 10.8%, Finland 6.6%, Sweden 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Belgium 4.4%, US 4% (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$799.7 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
$968.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.749 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
$1.769 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$NA (31 December 2010)
$4.5 billion (2006 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
514.1 (2012 est.)
471.87 (2011 est.)
495.28 (2010 est.)
472.19 (2009)
447.81 (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
calendar year
Back to Top
Energy ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
95 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
88.35 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
31,000 kW (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
123,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
115,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,817 bbl/day (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,754 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
290,900 Mt (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
Back to Top
Communications ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
31,200 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 175
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.666 million (2011)
country comparison to the world: 119
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density
domestic: fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons
international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.td
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 231
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
168,100 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 145
Back to Top
Transportation ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
58 (2012)
country comparison to the world: 83
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 9
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 49
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 11 (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
oil 265 km (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 40,000 km
country comparison to the world: 88
note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
(Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)
Back to Top
Military ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Armed Forces: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT), Chadian Air Force (Force Aerienne Tchadienne, FAT), Gendarmerie (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 2,090,244
females age 16-49: 2,441,321 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 1,183,242
females age 16-49: 1,395,811 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 128,723
female: 128,244 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.7% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 87
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Chad
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
refugees (country of origin): 298,311 (Sudan); 67,414 (Central African Republic) (2011)
IDPs: 90,000 (majority are in the east) (2012)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
current situation: Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; the majority of children are trafficked within Chad for involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, involuntary agricultural labor, or for commercial sexual exploitation; to a lesser extent, Chadian children are also trafficked to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Nigeria for cattle herding
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; by 2011 the Government of Chad reportedly ended all child conscription into its national army and continued to engage in efforts to demobilize remaining child soldiers from rebel forces; fewer efforts were made to address the forced labor of children in cattle herding, domestic service, and begging, or to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of Chadian children; the government did not enact legislation prohibiting trafficking in persons and undertook limited anti-trafficking law enforcement and victim protection activities (2009)
Back to Top
Expand All | collapse All
  The online Factbook is updated weekly. ISSN 1553-8133
For additional information on government leaders in selected foreign countries, go to World Leaders.