| The World Factbook | ||
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Macau |
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| Introduction | Macau |
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Background:
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Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on 20 December 1999. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau would enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. |
| Geography | Macau |
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Location:
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Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China |
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Geographic coordinates:
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22 10 N, 113 33 E |
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Map references:
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Southeast Asia |
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Area:
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total: 28.2 sq km
land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 0.34 km
regional border: China 0.34 km |
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Coastline:
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41 km |
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Maritime claims:
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not specified |
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Climate:
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subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
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Terrain:
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generally flat |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172 m |
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Natural resources:
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NEGL |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA |
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Natural hazards:
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typhoons |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member) |
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Geography - note:
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essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges |
| People | Macau |
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Population:
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559,846 (July 2009 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 16.1% (male 47,853/female 42,019)
15-64 years: 76.2% (male 199,593/female 227,010) 65 years and over: 7.7% (male 20,245/female 23,126) (2009 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 35.2 years
male: 35.9 years female: 34.6 years (2009 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.995% (2009 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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8.88 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) |
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Death rate:
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3.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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14.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) |
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Urbanization:
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urban population: 100% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 3.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 84.36 years
male: 81.39 years female: 87.47 years (2009 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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0.91 children born/woman (2009 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
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Ethnic groups:
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Chinese 94.3%, other 5.7% (includes Macanese - mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) (2006 census) |
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Religions:
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Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none or other 35% (1997 est.) |
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Languages:
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Cantonese 85.7%, Hokkien 4%, Mandarin 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.7%, English 1.5%, Tagalog 1.3%, other 1.6% (2001 census) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91.3% male: 95.3% female: 87.8% (2001 census) |
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School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
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total: 15 years
male: 16 years female: 14 years (2006) |
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Education expenditures:
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2.4% of GDP (2005) |
| Government | Macau |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
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Dependency status:
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special administrative region of China |
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Government type:
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limited democracy |
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Administrative divisions:
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none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China) |
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Independence:
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none (special administrative region of China) |
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National holiday:
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National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day |
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Constitution:
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Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" |
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Legal system:
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based on Portuguese civil law system |
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Suffrage:
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direct election 18 years of age for some non-executive positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held on 28 June 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next to be held in the fall of 2009) election results: percent of vote - New Democratic Macau Association 18.8%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16.6%, Union for Development 13.3%, Union for Promoting Progress 9.6%, Macau Development Alliance 9.3%, others 32.4%; seats by political group - New Democratic Macau Association 2, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, Union for Development 2, Union for Promoting Progress 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, New Hope 1, Convergence for Development 1, General Union for the Good of Macau 1; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region |
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Political parties and leaders:
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New Hope [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; Union for Promoting Progress [LEONG Heng-teng]
note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Civic Power [Agnes LAM Lok-fong]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO]; Macau Worker's Union [HO Heng-kuok]; Roman Catholic Church; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong] |
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International organization participation:
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IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WFTU, WMO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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none (special administrative region of China) |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US has no offices in Macau; US Consulate General in Hong Kong is accredited to Macau |
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Flag description:
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light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller |
| Economy | Macau |
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Economy - overview:
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Macau's economy has enjoyed strong growth in recent years on the back of its expanding tourism and gaming sectors. After opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, the territory attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming Macao into the world's largest gaming center. By 2006, Macau's gaming revenue surpassed that of the Las Vegas strip, and gaming-related taxes accounted for 75% of total government revenue. In 2008, government revenue from gaming was set to double 2006 collections. The expanding casino sector, and China's decision beginning in 2002 to relax travel restrictions, reenergized Macau's tourism industry. This city of just over 500,000 hosted more than 30 million visitors in 2008. Almost 60% of these came from mainland China, despite increasing restrictions on travel to the SAR. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has been in a slow decline since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. In 2008, exports of textiles and garments generated only $1.1 billion, compared to $13.7 billion in gross gaming receipts. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland. Macau's currency, the Pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$18.14 billion (2008 est.)
$12.5 billion (2006) note: data are in 2008 US dollars |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$22.04 billion (2008 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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15% (2008)
16.6% (2006) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$30,000 (2007)
$28,400 (2006) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0.1%
industry: 2.8% services: 97.1% (2007 est.) |
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Labor force:
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337,400 (2008 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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manufacturing 7.4%, construction 12.6%, transport and communications 5%, wholesale and retail trade 12.5%, restaurants and hotels 12.7%, gambling 14%, public sector 6%, financial services 2.1%, other services and agriculture 27.7% (2008) |
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Unemployment rate:
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3% (2008) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Budget:
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revenues: $6.2 billion
expenditures: $2.9 billion (2008) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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6.2% (December 2008) |
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Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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5.25% (31 December 2008) |
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Stock of money:
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$2.66 billion (31 December 2008) |
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Stock of quasi money:
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$20.5 billion (31 December 2008) |
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Stock of domestic credit:
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$11.5 billion (31 December 2008) |
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Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$2.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong |
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Industries:
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tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA |
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Electricity - production:
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1.106 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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3.311 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2008 est.) |
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Electricity - imports:
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2.215 billion kWh (2008 est.) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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7,942 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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0 bbl/day (2008) |
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Oil - imports:
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5,027 bbl/day (2008 est.) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl (1 January 2008 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2008 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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81.6 million cu m (2008 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2008 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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81.9 million cu m (2008 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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300,000 cu m (1 January 2008 est.) |
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Exports:
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$2 billion f.o.b.; note - includes reexports (2008 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts |
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Exports - partners:
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US 40.6%, China 14.8%, Hong Kong 13.1%, Germany 6.4%, UK 4% (2007) |
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Imports:
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$5.4 billion c.i.f. (2008 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils |
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Imports - partners:
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China 42.6%, Hong Kong 10.1%, Japan 9%, US 5.6%, Germany 4.4%, France 4.2% (2007) |
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Debt - external:
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$0 (2006) |
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Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$7.9 billion (2007) |
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Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$1.9 billion (2007) |
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Currency (code):
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pataca (MOP) |
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Currency code:
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MOP |
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Exchange rates:
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patacas (MOP) per US dollar - 8.011 (2007), 8.0015 (2006), 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003) |
| Communications | Macau |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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177,851 (2008) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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856,200 (2008) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 190 per 100 persons in 2008; fixed-line subscribership appears to have peaked and is now in decline international: country code - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2008) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2008) |
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Radios:
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160,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (2008) |
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Televisions:
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49,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.mo |
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Internet hosts:
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263 (2008) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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300,000 (2007) |
| Transportation | Macau |
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Airports:
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1 (2008) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2008) |
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Heliports:
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1 (2007) |
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Roadways:
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total: 384 km
paved: 384 km (2006) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Macau |
| Military | Macau |
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Military branches:
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no regular military forces; defense is the responsibility of China (2009) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49: 121,825 (2008 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49: 122,962
females age 16-49: 148,809 (2009 est.) |
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Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
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male: 4,578
female: 4,052 (2009 est.) |
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Military - note:
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defense is the responsibility of China |
| Transnational Issues | Macau |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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Illicit drugs:
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transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China; consumer of opiates and amphetamines |
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This page was last updated on 14 May, 2009 |